基于有限元仿真罐式危险货物运输车辆后防护装置碰撞特性  

Crash characteristics of rear protective device of tank truck carrying dangerous goods based on finite element simulation

作　　者：沈小燕[1,2] 余政涛 秦箫 陈野 张国胜[3] 李金[3] SHEN Xiaoyan;YU Zhengtao;QIN Xiao;CHEN Ye;ZHANG Guosheng;LI Jin(Chang’an University,Xi’an 710064,China;Key Laboratory for Automotive Transportation Safety Enhancement Technology of Ministry of Communication,Chang’an University,Xi’an Shaanxi 710064,China;Research Institute of Highway,Ministry of Transport,Beijing 100088,China)

机构地区：[1]长安大学汽车学院,西安710064 [2]长安大学汽车运输安全保障技术交通行业重点实验室,西安710064 [3]交通运输部公路科学研究院,北京100088

出　　处：《汽车安全与节能学报》2021年第3期364-372,共9页Journal of Automotive Safety and Energy

基　　金：运输车辆运行安全技术交通运输行业重点实验室开放基金(2020-8407);陕西省交通运输厅科技项目(20-19R)。

摘　　要：为了有效降低液体危险货物罐式车辆与大型车辆追尾碰撞事故的严重性,提出了在罐体尾部加装后部防护装置的设想。通过实车追尾碰撞试验和数值模拟仿真对比分析,在验证仿真模型有效性的基础上,进一步分析不同碰撞车辆质量、碰撞速度、碰撞角度、质心高度的工况下,罐车的动态响应特性和防护装置的防护性能。结果表明:数值仿真模型具有可行性;设计的后部防护装置能够适应不同碰撞工况且防护性能良好,在相对碰撞速度低于50 km/h时均具有良好防护效果;能够正常阻挡25 t以下客车的冲击;在120°的区域范围内能有效保护罐体;在不同质心高度下最大加速度峰值均不超过10g。The idea of installing rear guards at the tail of the tank was proposed to effectively reduce the severity of rear-end collisions between tank truck of liquid dangerous goods and large passenger car.Through the comparative analysis of real rear-end collision test and numerical simulation,the effectiveness of the simulation model was verified.Then,it was further analyzed that dynamic response characteristics of the tank truck and the protective performance of the protective device under different masses of collision vehicle,collision speeds,collision angles and center of mass heights.The results show that the numerical simulation model is feasible;and the designed rear protective device can adapt to different collision conditions and has good protective performance,with excellent protective effect under the relative impact velocity below 50 km/h,and can normally block the impact of passenger cars below 25 t;meanwhile,also can effectively protect the tank in an area of 120°;the maximum acceleration peak value does not exceed 10g at different heights of the center of mass.

关 键 词：罐式危险货物运输车辆 追尾碰撞 后部防护装置 有限元仿真 实车足尺试验 

分 类 号：U469.61[机械工程—车辆工程]