灌溉制度对贺兰山东麓酿酒葡萄生长、产量及品质的影响  

Adjusting Irrigation Scheduling to Improve G rowth,Y ield and Q uality of Wine Grapes in E ast-F oot of Helan Mountain in Ningxia

作　　者：雷金银[1] 雷晓婷 尹志荣[1] 纪立东[1] 杨洋 周丽娜[1] 祁焕军 LEI Jinyin;LEI Xiaoting;YIN Zhirong;JI Lidong;YANG Yang;ZHOU Lina;QI Huanjun(Agricultural Resources and Research Institute,Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Yinchuan 750002,China;Agriculture College of Ningxia University,Yinchuan 75002,China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏农林科学院农业资源与环境研究所,银川750002 [2]宁夏大学农学院,银川750021

出　　处：《灌溉排水学报》2021年第9期32-39,56,共9页Journal of Irrigation and Drainage

基　　金：宁夏农林科学院一二三产业融合发展创新示范项目(YES-16-06);农业高质量发展生态保护科技创新示范项目(NGSB-2021-4);宁夏农林科学院科技先导基金项目(YES-2016-06,NKYG-17-01);宁夏回族自治区自然科学基金项目(2018AAC03190)。

摘　　要：【目的】探讨贺兰山东麓酿酒葡萄优势品种与灌溉之间的协同关系、提升精量灌溉水平。【方法】采用二因素条区设计,以当地酿酒葡萄优势品种赤霞珠(V1)、马瑟兰(V2)、梅鹿辄(V3)、西拉(V4)、黑比诺(V5)为试验材料,以常规灌水量4500 m^(3)/hm^(2)为对照(W1),另设4个灌水量,分别为4050 m^(3)/hm^(2)(W2)、3600 m^(3)/hm^(2)(W3)、3150 m^(3)/hm^(2)(W4)、2700 m^(3)/hm^(2)(W5),研究不同灌溉制度对酿酒葡萄优势品种生长、产量和品质的影响。【结果】各酿酒葡萄品种基径粗由大到小排序为:V3、V2、V4、V1、V5。各酿酒葡萄品种间光合速率(P<0.01)、蒸腾速率(P<0.05)和叶片气孔导度(P<0.01)差异显著;不同灌溉制度对生长发育、生理特征、产量和品质影响显著。V2在W4处理下基径粗最大为14.62 cm,V3、V4、V5分别在W3、W4、W1处理下基径粗最大分别为11.24、12.51、11.14 cm。W3处理下V2 SPAD值最高为42.50,W5处理下V4 SPAD值最低为28.91;品种和灌水交互作用,V1在W3处理下总产量高达4256.7 kg/hm^(2),总酚量最高达4.88 g/kg;V2在W3处理下可溶性固形物量高达26.6%、总酚量为4.43 g/kg;V3在W1处理下品质及产量俱佳,总产量最高为4425.3 kg/hm^(2);V4表现出对水分需求大,W1处理下基径粗明显高于其他处理,另外光合、产量及品质指标均明显高于其他处理;V5在W3处理下还原糖量最高达20.81%,总花色苷量最高达2.83 g/kg。【结论】赤霞珠、马瑟兰及黑比诺的灌溉制度均以W3处理最优,适合于梅鹿辄和西拉的最优灌溉制度为W1处理。【Objective】Plant growth and its consequence for quality and yield are modulated by many biotic and abiotic factors.Taking grape in east-foot of Helan Mountain in Ningxia as an example,this paper aims to study how growth,yield and quality of grapes of different varieties can be improved by adjusting irrigation scheduling.【Method】The field experiment compared five grape varieties:Cabernet Sauvignon(V1),Matheran(V2),Merlot(V3),Syrah(V4),and Pinot Noir(V5).For each variety,we compared five irrigation treatments:Conventional irrigation with irrigation amount of 4500 m^(3)/hm^(2)(CK),reducing the irrigation amount to 4050 m^(3)/hm^(2)(W2),3600 m^(3)/hm^(2)(W3),3150 m^(3)/hm^(2)(W4),and 2700 m^(3)/hm^(2)(W5).In each treatment,we measured the changes in physiological and seed traits of the grapes.【Result】Grape varieties affected grape growth and the associated physiological traits the most.On average,V3 had the largest base stem diameter,followed by V1,V2,while V5 has the least.There were significant differences in photosynthetic rate(P<0.01),transpiration rate(P<0.05)and stomatal conductance(P<0.01)between the varieties.Irrigation scheduling affected physiological traits.The stem diameter of V2,V3,V4 and V5 was the greatest when they irrigated with W4,W3,W4 and W1 respectively,with the diameter being 14.62,11.24,12.51 and 11.14 cm respectively.The chlorophyll content of V2 was the highest(42.50)under W3,and that of V4 was the least(28.91)under W5.The impact of irrigation on yield and yield traits varied with variety.The yield and phenol content of V1 peaked under W3,being 4256.7 kg/hm^(2) and 4.88 g/kg respectively.The content of soluble solids and phenol content of V2 maximized under W3,being 26.6%and 4.43 g/kg respectively.The yield of V3 was the highest under W1,being 4425.3 kg/hm^(2).In contrast,V4 was more water demanding and its base stem diameter,photosynthesis,yield and quality under W1 were significantly higher than that under other irrigation treatments.The reduced sugars content and total anthocya

关 键 词：滴灌量 酿酒葡萄 产量 品质 葡萄品种 

分 类 号：S512.11[农业科学—作物学]