七种种植模式下小粒咖啡病虫害调查  

A Survey of Diseases and Insect Pests of Coffea arabica Under 7 Agroforestry Cultivation Patterns

作　　者：付兴飞 胡发广[1] 程金焕[1] 娄予强[1] 吕玉兰[1] 黄家雄[1] 李亚男[1] 李贵平[1] FU Xingfei;HU Faguang;CHENG Jinhuan;LOU Yuqiang;Lü Yulan;HUANG Jiaxiong;LI Yanan;LI Guiping(Institute of Tropical and Subtropical Cash Crops,Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Baoshan,Yunnan 678000,China)

机构地区：[1]云南省农业科学院热带亚热带经济作物研究所,云南保山678000

出　　处：《热带农业科学》2021年第9期74-81,共8页Chinese Journal of Tropical Agriculture

基　　金：咖啡可可产业链一体化示范项目(No.2020YFD1001202);云南省隆阳区咖啡产业科技特派团(No.202004BI090136);滇桂黔石漠化地区特色作物产业发展关键技术——云南低热河谷石漠化生态循环农业模式集成示范(No.2019-2021)。

摘　　要：为明确种植模式对小粒咖啡病虫害的影响,对7种种植模式下小粒咖啡病虫害进行调查。结果表明:7种种植模式下小粒咖啡病害共计有6种,以澳洲坚果-咖啡混农林(AK)病害种类最多,有6种;沉香-咖啡混农林病害种类最少,有3种。7种模式下虫害有14种,澳洲坚果-咖啡混农林(AK)有9种,牛油果-咖啡混农林(NK)有7种,其它5种种植模式有虫害4~5种。不同种植模式下小粒咖啡病虫害危害情况有差异,危害严重和普遍的病害有咖啡锈病、炭疽病;虫害以灭字脊虎天牛最严重,其余虫害危害较轻。种植模式对小粒咖啡病虫害危害情况有一定影响。小粒咖啡种植中,建议采用产值高和见效快的速生型经济树种-咖啡混农林种植模式,不建议推广产值低、生长慢、病虫害严重的林业树种-咖啡混农林种植模式及产量高、品质差、病虫害严重的咖啡纯林种植模式;同时,增加水肥管理,提高小粒咖啡抗病虫害能力。A survey of diseases and pests of Coffea arabica was made in C.arabica plantations under 7 cultivation patterns to make clear the effect of cultivation patterns on the diseases and pests in the plantations.The survey showed that there are 6 diseases in the 7 agroforestry cultivation patterns:6 diseases in the Macadamia ternifolia+coffee plantations,and 3 diseases in the coffee+Aquilaria sinensis plantations.There are 14 insect pests under 7 agroforestry cultivation patterns:9 insect pests in the M.ternifolia+coffee plantations,7 insect pests in the Persea americana+coffee plantations and 4~5 insect pests in the coffee plantations under the other 5 agroforestry cultivation patterns.The damages caused by diseases and insect pests to C.arabica is different in the coffee plantations under different cultivation patterns.The infections of coffee by coffee rust and anthracnose are serious and common.The most important insect pest is Xylotrechus quadripes,most seriously infesting coffee,and the others are the minor pest,causing milder infestations.The cultivation patterns have an effect on the occurrence of the diseases and insect pests in C.arabica trees under the agroforestry system.It is suggested to adopt the agroforestry cultivation pattern of the fast-growing economic tree species plus coffee,which has a high output value and quick effect,and it is not recommended to continue to promote the agroforestry cultivation pattern of the coffee+forest tree species,which has a low output value,slow growth,proneness to attack of serious diseases and insect pests,or the monoculture of coffee with high yield,poor quality,vulnerability to serious attack by diseases and insect pests.For the recommended agroforestry cultivation pattern the water and fertilizer management should be implemented to improve the resistance of C.arabica to the diseases and pests in the coffee plantations.

关 键 词：小粒咖啡 种植模式 复合农林系统 病虫害 危害情况 

分 类 号：S435.712[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]