不同施肥措施对盐渍土理化性状和玉米产量的影响  

Effects of Different Fertilization Measures on Physical and Chemical Properties of Salinized Soil and Yield of Maize

作　　者：颜为 曹冰[1] 王慧敏 蒋丽萍 张济世[2] 苗琪[2] 夏海勇[3] 崔振岭[2] 薛艳芳[1] Yan Wei;Cao Bing;Wang Huimin;Jiang Liping;Zhang Jishi;Miao Qi;Xia Haiyong;Cui Zhenling;Xue Yanfang(Maie Research Institute,Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Northem Huanghe-Huaihe Plain,Ministry of Agriculure,Jinan 250100,China;College of Resources and Environmental Sciences,China Agricultural University,Bejing 100193,China;Crop Research Institute,Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Jinan 250100,China)

机构地区：[1]山东省农业科学院玉米研究所/农业部黄淮海北部玉米生物学与遗传育种重点实验室,山东济南250100 [2]中国农业大学资源与环境学院,北京100193 [3]山东省农业科学院作物研究所,山东济南250100

出　　处：《山东农业科学》2021年第9期75-82,共8页Shandong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0200603);山东省泰山学者特聘专家项目(ts201712082);山东省农业科学院创新人才引进项目;山东省重点研发计划项目(2017CXGC0304)。

摘　　要：田间试验分别于轻、中度盐渍土条件下开展,共设置6个处理,分别为农民习惯施肥(T1,尿素分次施用,N 250 kg/hm^(2))、包膜增效尿素一次性基施(T2,180 kg/hm^(2))、包膜增效尿素配施微生物肥(T3,180 kg/hm^(2))、包膜增效尿素配施有机肥(T4,轻、中度盐碱土的施氮量分别为162 kg/hm^(2)和144 kg/hm^(2))、包膜增效尿素配施秸秆腐熟剂(T5,180 kg/hm^(2))、有机无机复合肥一次性基施(T6,162 kg/hm^(2)),研究不同施肥措施对盐渍土理化性状和玉米产量的影响。结果表明,在轻度盐渍土条件下,与T1相比,不同施肥处理对玉米产量、氮肥偏生产力(PFPN)、不同土层钠吸附比(SAR)和电导率(EC值)无显著影响,但会显著提高0~20 cm土层有机碳含量。在中度盐渍土条件下,不同施肥措施对玉米产量无显著影响,其中T4和T5处理产量表现最好;与T1相比,T4处理的PFPN显著提高16.6 kg/kg;不同施肥措施有降低0~20 cm土层SAR和EC值的趋势,其中T4处理表现最好。此外,T4处理可以显著增加0~20 cm土层有机碳含量。综合认为,在中度盐渍土条件下,包膜增效尿素减量配施有机肥对玉米产量提高和缓解土壤盐渍化有重要促进作用。Field experiments were carried out in mild and moderate salinity levels.The purposes of this study were to evaluate the effects of different fertilization measures including farmers’fertilization practices(T1,splitting application of urea,N 250 kg/hm^(2)),one time basic application of coated synergistic urea(T2,N 180 kg/hm^(2)),coated synergistic urea combined with microbial fertilizer(T3,N 180 kg/hm^(2)),coated synergistic urea combined with organic fertilizer(T4,the nitrogen application rates for light and medium saline alkali soil were 162 kg/hm^(2)and 144 kg/hm^(2),respectively),coated synergistic urea combined with straw-decomposing inoculant(T5,N 180 kg/hm^(2)),one time basic application of organic-chemical complex fertilizer(T6,N 162 kg/hm^(2))on physical and chemical properties of soil and maize yield in salinized soil.The results showed that under the condition of mild salinity level,different fertilization measures had little effects on the maize yield,partial productivity of nitrogen fertilizer(PFPN),sodium adsorption ratio(SAR)and conductivity(EC value)in different soil layers compared with T1 treatment,but significantly increased the content of organic carbon in 0~20-cm soil layer.Under the conditions of moderate salinity level,grain yield was not significantly affected by different fertilization measures,and the yields of T4 and T5 treatments were the best.The PFPN of T4 treatment was significantly increased by 16.6 kg/kg compared with T1 treatment.Different fertilization measures tended to decrease the SAR and EC values in 0~20-cm soil layer with the T4 treatment showing the best effect.T4 treatment could also significantly increase the organic carbon content in 0~20-cm soil layer.It could be concluded that under the condition of moderate saline soil,the application of coated synergistic urea combined with organic fertilizer had positive effects on improving maize yield and alleviating soil salinization.

关 键 词：玉米 施肥措施 盐渍土理化性状 产量 

分 类 号：S513.01[农业科学—作物学] S147.3