表揣测义副词“怕不是”的词汇化与标记化  

Lexicalization and Marking of Speculative Adverb “Pabushi”

作　　者：王志英[1] Wang Zhiying(College of International Educate,Tianjin Foreign Studies University,Tianjin,China)

机构地区：[1]天津外国语大学国际教育学院,天津300204

出　　处：《社会科学论坛》2021年第5期84-94,共11页Tribune of Social Sciences

基　　金：天津外国语大学2020年度科研规划项目《汉语三音节副词的演化研究》阶段性成果,项目编号:20ZXWT03;教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目《汉语三音节词语的类型和演化研究》阶段性成果,项目编号:18YJA740052。

摘　　要：现代汉语中"怕不是"已经演化为表揣测义副词,"怕不是"几个音节连用最早见于宋代,元代开始词汇化,明代其副词用法还比较少,清代"怕不是"副词用法大量出现,词汇化成副词以后进一步标记化,具有了话语标记功能。该文运用认知语言学理论,对"怕不是"的词汇化动因和机制进行分析,"怕不是"词汇化动因是语言表达的主观性与主观化,机制是相邻句位和反问句的语境吸收";怕不是"完成词汇化过程以后,随着使用频率增加进一步标记化具有了话语标记功能,起到突显主观情态、开启话题、语篇衔接和交互主观性等语用功能。"Pabushi"(怕不是) has evolved into a speculative adverb in modern Chinese. It has been used as several syllables for the first time in the Song Dynasty. The process of its lexicalization began in the Yuan Dynasty. The adverbial usage of "pabushi" was relatively rare in the Ming Dynasty while it could be used as an adverb extensively in the Qing Dynasty. After having been evolved into an adverb from the lexicalization, it was equipped with the function of discourse marker. Based on the theory from cognitive linguistics, this paper analyzes the motivation and mechanism of the lexicalization of "pabushi". The motivation for its lexicalization is the subjectivity and subjectivisation of language expression and the mechanism is the contextual absorption caused by adjacent sentence positions and rhetorical questions. With the increased frequency, the lexicalized "pabushi" obtains the functions of discourse markers and plays a pragmatic role in highlighting subjective modality, starting a conversation, making the textual cohesion and expressing the intersubjectivity.

关 键 词：“怕不是” 主观化 词汇化 标记化 

分 类 号：H146.3[语言文字—汉语]