审美和道统的共通与间距:论晚明审美思潮的政治潜能  

Commonness and Distance between Aesthetics and Orthodoxy Confucian: On the Political Potential of the Aesthetic Thought in Late Ming Dynasty

作　　者：丁文俊 Ding Wenjun(Department of Chinese Language and Literature,Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou,China)

机构地区：[1]中山大学中文系,广东广州510275

出　　处：《社会科学论坛》2021年第5期110-121,共12页Tribune of Social Sciences

基　　金：高校基本科研业务费中山大学青年教师培育项目《让-吕克·南希的“审美——共同体”理论研究》阶段性成果,项目编号:20wkpy116;中国博士后科学基金第68批面上资助项目《批判理论的“记忆—语言”构型与“语言范式”重构》阶段性成果,项目编号:2020M683004。

摘　　要：晚明审美的嬗变包含以沉溺物性为标志的欲望转向和以追求闲适为标志的日常空间转向两个方面,表明士人群体的生存状态不再严格遵循"得君行道"的传统儒家模式。将晚明士人群体的生存状态的变动置于儒家思想发展的内部予以考察,结合阳明心学对道统的承继和改造,晚明审美思潮一方面和新道统具有共通性,重视个体情感和欲望,在伦理政治空间之外构筑日常生活,另一方面将欲望诉求以审美的名义自我赋予其正当性,逾越了道统规定的限度。晚明审美的政治介入表现为促成道统在治统范围之外构建士人阶层主导的自治性审美场域,和治统处于相疏离而不对立的状况,这是一种间接介入政治的文化抵抗方式。The evolution of the aesthetics in late Ming Dynasty includes two aspects: the turn to the desire marked by the indulgence of things and the turn to the daily space marked by the pursuit of leisure, which indicates that the living conditions of the intellectuals no longer strictly follows the traditional Confucian model of "being supported by the ruler to carry out the Tao". To study the changes of the living conditions of the intellectuals in late Ming within the development of Confucianism, combining the inheritance and reformation of the orthodoxy Confucian from the Yangming-Confucian, the aesthetic thoughts of late Ming Dynasty owned the commonness with the new orthodoxy Confucian which attached importance to the individual emotion and desire and built the daily life outside of the ethical and political space, and also established the legitimacy of the desire through the individual aesthetics which transcended the limits prescribed by the orthodoxy Confucian. The political intervention of aesthetics in late Ming Dynasty was manifested in promoting orthodoxy Confucian to build an autonomous aesthetic field dominated by the intellectuals outside the scope of the rule orthodoxy, which is in a state of alienation but not opposition to the rule orthodoxy. This is a way of cultural resistance that indirectly intervenes in the politics.

关 键 词：晚明 审美政治 道统 自治场域 政治介入 

分 类 号：I01[文学—文学理论]