弗兰克对道德命令的本体论阐释  

Frank’s Ontological Interpretation of the Moral Imperative

作　　者：徐凤林[1] XU Feng-lin

机构地区：[1]北京大学哲学系,北京100871

出　　处：《求是学刊》2021年第4期59-64,I0003,共7页Seeking Truth

基　　金：国家社科基金重点项目“20世纪俄国社会哲学研究”(18AZX015)。

摘　　要：弗兰克一方面肯定康德关于道德义务思想的重大贡献,另一方面也指出康德把道德命令变成一种纯粹理论意识或抽象法则是片面的。他从神人性、人的心灵结构、"原初的实在"三方面,对道德义务思想进行了本体论解释。神人性意味着一个人只有在道德要求中听到来自存在深处的、有本体论根据的声音时,善的实现对他来说才能获得合理意义。在心灵的情感、意志、精神三层结构中,道德所在的第三层级是一种塑造心灵的超越力量。道德命令作为绝对价值是某种原初的动态实在,它通过吸引人的精神而为自己在经验现实中的实现开辟道路。Frank acknowledges Kant’s significant contribution to the thought of moral obligation.However,on the other hand,he points out that Kant’s transformation of the moral imperative into a purely theoretical consciousness or an abstract law is one-sided.He provides an ontological interpretation of the thought of moral obligation in terms of the divine nature,the structure of the human mind,and the"original reality".The divine nature means that the realisation of the good can only be justified for a person if he hears in his moral demands an ontologically grounded voice from the depths of being.Among the three levels of emotion,will and spirit,the third level of morality is a transcendent power that shapes the mind.The moral imperative as absolute value is a certain original dynamic reality that opens the way for its own realisation in empirical reality by appealing to the human spirit.

关 键 词：康德 道德命令 弗兰克 神人性 

分 类 号：B82-0[哲学宗教—伦理学]