高温高湿区增密减氮对杂交稻‘内6优107’产量形成和氮肥利用率的影响  

Effect of increased plant density with reduced nitrogen on yield formation and nitrogen use efficiency of hybrid rice under high temperature and high humidity conditions

作　　者：蒋鹏[1] 徐富贤[1] 张林[1] 周兴兵[1] 朱永川[1] 郭晓艺[1] 刘茂[1] 陈琳[1] 张容 熊洪[1] JIANG Peng;XU Fuxian;ZHANG Lin;ZHOU Xingbing;ZHU Yongchuan;GUO Xiaoyi;LIU Mao;CHEN Lin;ZHANG Rong;XIONG Hong(Rice and Sorghum Research Institute,Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Southwest Rice Biology and Genetic Breeding,Ministry of Agriculture/Crop Ecophysiology and Cultivation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province,Deyang 618000,China;Yufeng Town Agricultural Service Center of Anju District,Suining City,Suining 629023,China)

机构地区：[1]四川省农业科学院水稻高粱研究所/农业部西南水稻生物学与遗传育种重点实验室/四川省作物生理生态及栽培重点实验室,德阳618000 [2]遂宁市安居区玉丰镇农业服务中心,遂宁629023

出　　处：《中国生态农业学报（中英文）》2021年第10期1679-1691,共13页Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31971844);四川省农业科学院青年基金项目(2019QNJJ-020);现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金(CARS-01-25)资助。

摘　　要：探明高温高湿稻区增密减氮对杂交稻产量形成和氮肥利用率的影响,可为高温高湿稻区氮肥优化管理和合理密植提供依据。本研究以杂交稻‘内6优107’为材料,于2018—2019年在典型的高温高湿稻区四川省泸州市进行大田试验。试验设6个密度与施氮量组合,分别为低密高氮(习惯移栽密度16.5万穴∙hm^(−2),施氮量为180 kg∙hm^(−2),LDNck)、低密减氮15%(LDN_(−15%))、低密减氮30%(LDN_(−30%))、增密减氮15%(增密27%,HDN_(−15%))、增密减氮30%(HDN_(−30%))和低密不施氮(LDN0)。结果表明:不同密肥组合对杂交稻产量影响显著(P<0.01)。与LDNck相比,HDN_(−15%)和HDN_(−30%)杂交稻产量分别增加4.3%~4.9%和2.3%~3.6%,其优势主要表现在每穗粒数、结实率、花前干物质转运量、花前干物质转运效率、花前干物质转运对产量的贡献率和收获指数上。LDN_(−15%)和LDN_(−30%)杂交稻产量较LDNck分别降低2.3%~2.5%和4.8%~5.0%,较低的有效穗、干物质、花后干物质积累及花后干物质积累对产量的贡献率是其减产的主要原因。HDN_(−15%)和HDN_(−30%)杂交稻花后氮素积累量、成熟期氮素吸收量低于LDNck处理,但其花前氮素转运量、花前氮素转运效率、花前氮素转运贡献率、氮素干物质生产效率、氮素籽粒生产效率和氮素收获指数均高于LDNck处理,因而HDN_(−15%)和HDN_(−30%)处理每生产100 kg稻谷需氮量分别减少6.8%~8.4%和9.0%~9.9%。与LDNck处理相比,HDN_(−15%)和HDN_(−30%)杂交稻氮肥农学利用率分别增加36.7%~37.4%和55.5%~60.4%、氮肥偏生产力增加22.8%~23.5%和46.3%~48.2%、氮肥吸收利用率增加5.6%~12.0%和17.0%~20.0%。可见,在高温高湿稻区杂交稻生产上宜采用栽插密度为21.0万穴∙hm^(−2)和施氮量为126~153 kg∙hm^(−2)的组合。The effects of increased plant density with reduced nitrogen(N)application rate on yield formation and nitrogen use efficiency(NUE)of hybrid rice were studied to provide a theoretical basis for optimum nitrogen fertilizer management and plant density under high temperature with high humidity conditions.Field experiments were conducted in Luzhou City from 2018 to 2019.The high yield and high quality hybrid rice variety‘Nei6you107’was grown under six combinations of plant density and N application rate:1)locally recommended combination with a plant density of 16.5×10^(4) hills∙hm^(−2) and a N rate of 180 kg∙hm^(−2)(LDNck);2)combination of a plant density of 16.5×10^(4) hills∙hm^(−2) and a reduced N rate by 15%(153 kg∙hm^(−2),LDN_(−15%));3)combination of a plant density of 16.5×10^(4) hills∙hm^(−2) and a reduced N rate by 30%(126 kg∙hm^(−2),LDN_(−30%));4)combination of a increased plant density by about 27%(21.0×10^(4) hills hm^(−2))and a reduced N rate by 15%(153 kg∙hm^(−2),HDN_(−15%));5)combination of a increased plant density by about 27%(21.0×10^(4) hills∙hm^(−2))and a reduced N rate by 30%(126 kg∙hm^(−2) HDN_(−30%));and 6)combination of a plant density of 16.5×10^(4) hills∙hm^(−2) and zero N rate(LDN0).The grain yield,yield components,dry matter,N uptake and NUE were measured.The results showed that the grain yield of hybrid rice was significantly affected by different combinations of plant density and N rate(P<0.01).HDN_(−15%)and HDN_(−30%)produced higher grain yields than LDNck by 4.3%−4.9%and 2.3%−3.6%,respectively.The higher grain yields under HDN_(−15%)and HDN_(−30%)were attributed to improvement in spikelets per panicle,grain filling rate,translocation of dry matter accumulated at heading stage(TDMHD),translocation percentage of dry matter accumulated at heading stage(TPDMHD),contribution percentage of pre-anthesis dry matter translocation to grain yield(CPDMTGHD)and harvest index.The LDN_(−15%)and LDN_(−30%)had 2.3%−2.5%and 4.8

关 键 词：杂交稻 增密减氮 产量 氮肥利用率 高温高湿 

分 类 号：S311[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术] S314[农业科学—农艺学]