西藏那塘寺藏菩提伽耶摩诃菩提寺模型与明代中外文化交流  

On the Models of Mahabodhi Temple Enshrined at Natang Temple in Tibet and Sino-foreign Cultural Exchanges in the Ming Dynasty

作　　者：李帅[1] 霍巍[1] LI Shuai;HUO Wei(School of Archaeology and Museology,Sichuan University,Chengdu,Sichuan 610065)

机构地区：[1]四川大学考古文博学院,四川成都610065

出　　处：《西藏大学学报（社会科学版）》2021年第3期120-127,共8页Journal of Tibet University

摘　　要：菩提伽耶是佛陀悟道成佛之地,故备受古今各国佛教徒的尊崇和向往。至迟到11世纪时在南亚出现了用木、石制作的菩提伽耶摩诃菩提寺(院落)模型,而后流传到了周边一些国家和地区。我国西藏是目前发现此类模型最多的区域,其中那塘寺所藏的二组木、石质摩诃菩提寺院落模型之渊源虽与南亚密切相关,但应是通过明廷赏赐的途径经内地输入西藏,是明朝与南亚之间文化交往和政治互动的结果。此类模型虽然原是象征南亚佛教圣地的宗教物品,但却已经被赋予了新的文化意涵,成为明朝为经略西藏、团结西藏僧侣而特别加以渲染的一种宗教赏赐品,其背后所蕴藏的深刻的政治含义不容低估。Bodhgaya is the place where Buddha attained Enlightenment and becomes a Buddha,so it is highly respected and yearned for by Buddhists of all countries in ancient and modern times.In the 11th century,the models of Mahabodhi Temple Complex at Bodh Gayamade of wood and stone appeared in South Asia,and then brought to some neighboring countries and regions.Tibet of China is currently the region where most such models have been found.The wooden and stone models found in Natang Temple of Tibetmay have been brought from South Asia,but they were taken into Tibet through the inland as the rewards granted by the Ming government to Tibet,so they reflect the cultural and political interaction between China and South Asia during the Ming dynasty.Although the modelswere originally regarded as religious objects symbolizing the Holy land of Buddhism in South Asia,it has been endowed with some new cultural connotation,and has become a kind of specialreligious giftsgiven by the Ming government to Tibet in order to govern Tibet and unite Tibetan monks better.Thus,the profound political meaning of the models cannot be underestimated.

关 键 词：菩提伽耶 摩诃菩提寺模型 西藏 南亚 中外文化交流 

分 类 号：K879.3[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]