审视与探索:基于“属+种差”法的体育概念再定义  

Scrutiny and Exploration:Redefinition of Sports Based on“Genus+Differentia”

作　　者：刘世磊 徐明魁 黄彦军 LIU Shilei;XU Mingkui;HUANG Yanjun(School of P.E.,Hanshan Teachers College,Chaozhou 521041,China)

机构地区：[1]韩山师范学院体育学院,广东潮州521041

出　　处：《武汉体育学院学报》2021年第9期24-29,共6页Journal of Wuhan Sports University

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“中国高等院校体育专业人才培养研究”(15AZD056)。

摘　　要：对实践解释乏力、属概念混乱、内涵不明确、外延不清晰是目前体育概念定义的现实窘境。采用文献资料、专家访谈、逻辑分析等研究方法再定义体育概念,以期丰富体育基础理论和纾解社会关切。研究发现,“教育”作为体育的属概念外延过窄(小),容易将是体育的东西排除在“体育”之外;“文化”作为体育的属概念外延过宽(大),不符合逻辑学临近属概念要求且不利于析取“种差”;“活动”作为体育的属概念是对体育属概念的一种不全面认识,体育是文化、财富,活动、运动是行为,场地、器材、技术、规则等非活动内容也是体育。遵循逻辑学对属概念的基本要求,运用社会学、体育学等多学科知识,提出“身体活动文化”(体力性劳动、狩猎、舞蹈、杂技、带有武打动作的戏剧/曲、斗牛/鸡、哑语、手语、体育等)应为体育的“邻近属概念”的观点。在此基础上析取体育的种差为“对人体自身进行干预以促进身心发展”,得出体育概念的定义是“所谓体育,就是对人体自身进行干预以促进身心发展的身体活动文化”。At present,inadequate interpretation of practice,confusing concepts,unclear connotations,and unclear extensions are the current problems in the definition of concepts of sports.Through literature review,expert interviews,logical analysis and other research methods,this paper redefines the concepts of sports with the purpose of enriching the basic theories of sports and alleviating social concerns.Sports are culture and wealth.Activities and sports exercises are behaviors.Venues,equipment,technology,and rules are also sports.According to the basic requirements of logic for the concept of genus,this paper puts forward that the“cultural of physical activities”(physical labor,hunting,dancing,acrobatics,drama/song with martial arts,bullfight/chicken,sign language,P.E,etc.)should be regarded as the“concept of adjacent genus”of sports by applying the multidisciplinary knowledge of sociology and sports studies.On this basis,the difference of sports is“to intervene in the human body to promote the development of body and mind”.The definition of the concept of sports is concluded as“the culture of physical activities that intervene in the human body to promote the development of body and mind”.

关 键 词：体育概念 定义 属+种差 属概念 身体活动文化 身心发展 

分 类 号：G80-05[文化科学—运动人体科学]