某教学医院实习护生血源性职业暴露调查  

Investigation of Blood-Borne Occupational Exposure of Nursing Students in a Teaching Hospital

作　　者：李俊艳[1] 刘盛楠[1] 冯亚静[1] 刘彩红[1] 李福琴[1] LI Junyan;LIU Shengnan;FENG Yajing;LIU Caihong;LI Fuqin(Department of Infection Management,the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University,Zhengzhou 450003,China)

机构地区：[1]郑州大学第一附属医院感染管理科,河南郑州450003

出　　处：《河南医学研究》2021年第28期5215-5218,共4页Henan Medical Research

摘　　要：目的了解某教学医院实习护生在实习期间发生血源性职业暴露情况,为降低实习护生职业暴露发生率提供依据。方法采用回顾性调查方法,对某教学医院2018—2020年3届2815名实习护生进行血源性职业暴露调查分析。结果共发生血源性职业暴露93例,职业暴露发生率为3.30%;在实习前4个月发生概率较高,占64.52%;普通病房是实习护生职业暴露的主要场所,占91.40%;针刺伤是主要的暴露方式,占94.62%;拔针、处理针具是发生职业暴露的高危时机,分别占39.78%和21.51%;乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)是实习护生主要的暴露源,占38.71%。结论实习前4个月,拔针、处理针具是实习护生发生职业暴露的高危因素,加强职业安全防护知识及岗前教育培训,规范基础操作技能训练,落实标准预防措施,可降低实习护生职业暴露发生率。Objective To investigate the blood-borne occupational exposure of nursing students in a teaching hospital during internship,and to provide basis for reducing the occupational exposure rate of nursing students.Methods A retrospective survey method was used to investigate and analyze the blood-borne occupational exposure of 2815 nursing students in a teaching hospital from 2018 to 2020.Results There were 93 cases of blood-borne occupational exposure,and the incidence of occupational exposure was 3.30%.In the first 4 months of practice,the incidence rate was relatively high,accounting for 64.52%.The general ward was the main place for occupational exposure of nursing students,accounting for 91.40%.Needle stick injury was the main way of exposure,accounting for 94.62%.Pulling out needles and dealing with needles were high risk opportunities for occupational exposure,accounting for 39.78%and 21.51%,respectively.Hepatitis B virus(HBV)was the main exposure source of nursing students,accounting for 38.71%.Conclusion In the first 4 months of practice,Pulling out needles and dealing with needles are the high risk factors for occupational exposure of nursing students.Strengthening occupational safety protection knowledge and pre-job education and training,standardizing basic operational skill training and implementing standard preventive measures can reduce the incidence of occupational exposure of nursing students.

关 键 词：实习护生 血源性 职业暴露 调查 

分 类 号：R197.3[医药卫生—卫生事业管理]