《侠客行》的故事结构与游戏规则  

The Story Structure and Game Rules of Ode to the Gallantry

作　　者：施爱东[1] SHI Aidong

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院文学研究所,北京100732

出　　处：《民俗研究》2021年第5期46-57,159,共13页Folklore Studies

摘　　要：武侠小说作为一种非现实主义的通俗文学体裁,被称为"成年人的童话",其叙事方式具有典型的幻想故事(童话)的特征,小说人物的行为符合故事这种语言游戏的角色功能。金庸小说的游戏设置从一开始就内在地规定了英雄成长故事的方向和结局,而《侠客行》中的角色设置、驱动设置,则限定了角色的行为必须遵循特定的游戏规则。方向和规则共同引导和制约着故事的情节发展。故事如同棋局,角色设置如同棋子,驱动设置如同走棋规则。金庸的多部武侠小说之所以每部都有新意且引人入胜,关键在于他的每一部小说,都会适度地发明一些新的武功、增加一些新的游戏规则,不断地在人物关系和武功套路中加入新的变量,使得游戏不断出现新的运行方式。Wuxiais a surreal genre of popular literature.Wuxia novels are also regarded as“fairy tales for adults”.The narrative of Wuxia novels has the typical features of fairy tales,and the behaviors of characters in Wuxia novels are consistent with the functions of characters in fairy tales.The game design of Jin Yong’s novels inherently sets the direction and ending of the hero’s coming-of-age story,and the character settings and narrative engines in Ode to the Gallantrylimit the characters’actions to follow certain game rules.Game rules and the direction set by the game design,guide and limit the plot development of a story together.If we compare a story to a game of chess,the character settings can be considered as the pieces and the narrative engines as the rules of playing.The key to the creativity and attractiveness of Jin Yong’s novels is how the author invents new ways for each novel to operate,including new martial arts techniques and game rules,so as to add new variables to character relationships and martial arts patterns.

关 键 词：武侠小说 金庸小说 民间故事 故事结构 游戏规则 

分 类 号：I207.42[文学—中国文学]