不同供氮水平对夏芝麻氮代谢、产量及品质的影响  

Effects of Different Nitrogen Levels on Nitrogen Metabolism,Yield and Quality of Summer Sesame

作　　者：李春明[1,2,3] 裴新涌 张海洋 高桐梅[1,2,3] 李丰 王龙[1,2,3] 卫双玲 LI Chunming;PEI Xinyong;ZHANG Haiyang;GAO Tongmei;LI Feng;WANG Long;WEI Shuangling(Sesame Research Center,Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Zhengzhou 450002,China;Key Laboratory of Oil Crops in Huanghuaihai Plains,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Zhengzhou 450002,China;Henan Key Laboratory of Specific Oilseed Crops Genomics,Zhengzhou 450002,China;Institute of Agricultural Economy and Information,Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Zhengzhou 450002,China)

机构地区：[1]河南省农业科学院芝麻研究中心,河南郑州450002 [2]农业农村部黄淮海油料作物重点实验室,河南郑州450002 [3]河南省特色油料作物基因组学重点实验室,河南郑州450002 [4]河南省农业科学院农业经济与信息研究所,河南郑州450002

出　　处：《河南农业科学》2021年第9期63-70,共8页Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家特色油料产业技术体系项目(CARS-14-1-14);河南省农业科学院自主创新项目(2020ZC53)。

摘　　要：为明确夏芝麻适宜的氮肥用量,提高其籽粒产量并改善品质,采用大田随机区组试验设计,以白芝麻品种郑芝98N09为试验材料,设置0(CK)、60、120、180 kg/hm^(2)4个供氮水平,分析不同供氮水平对芝麻氮代谢特征、产量和品质的影响。结果表明,施用氮肥可增强芝麻叶片氮代谢关键酶活性,提高叶片游离氨基酸、可溶性蛋白、全氮含量和产量,改善芝麻品质。其中,氮素水平120 kg/hm^(2)效果最好,硝酸还原酶(NR)和谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)活性显著高于其他处理,现蕾期和盛花期NR活性较氮素水平0(CK)、60、180 kg/hm^(2)分别提高60.1%、32.7%、21.8%和76.9%、33.8%、26.4%,GS活性分别提高24.9%、11.6%、7.0%和60.8%、31.8%、17.4%。2015年和2016年氮素水平120 kg/hm^(2)的芝麻籽粒产量分别为1 456.6 kg/hm^(2)和1 499.2 kg/hm^(2),较氮素水平0(CK)、60、180 kg/hm^(2)分别提高117.7%、75.5%、12.2%和105.0%、70.7%、11.0%,其中单株蒴数分别提高120.4%、38.6%、12.5%和105.0%、34.7%、10.9%,单蒴粒数分别提高30.6%、19.2%、7.2%和31.7%、18.4%、8.8%,千粒质量分别提高12.5%、5.5%、1.8%和11.5%、3.1%、3.8%。2015年和2016年氮素水平120 kg/hm^(2)的籽粒蛋白质含量分别为24.58%和25.20%,较氮素水平0(CK)、60、180 kg/hm^(2)分别提高28.6%、13.1%、10.3%和31.0%、15.0%、11.5%;粗脂肪含量分别为52.80%和52.94%,较氮素水平0(CK)、60、180 kg/hm^(2)分别提高7.4%、1.4%、1.9%和7.4%、0.8%、1.6%。相关分析表明,芝麻叶片氮代谢指标与产量、籽粒蛋白质含量和粗脂肪含量总体上呈显著或极显著正相关。可见,氮素水平120 kg/hm^(2)通过对芝麻叶片氮代谢和单株蒴数、单蒴粒数及千粒质量的调控,显著提高产量、籽粒蛋白质和粗脂肪含量,改善芝麻品质。In order to determine the appropriate amount of nitrogen fertilizer to increase the yield and improve the quality of summer sesame,Zhengzhi 98N09,a white sesame variety,was used as the experimental material,and 4 nitrogen supply levels of 0(CK),60,120 and 180 kg/ha were set to analyze the effects of different nitrogen supply levels on nitrogen metabolism,yield and quality of sesame.The results showed that application of nitrogen fertilizer could enhance the activities of key enzymes of nitrogen metabolism in sesame leaves,increase the contents of free amino acids,soluble proteins,total nitrogen and yield,and improve the quality of sesame.Among them,the effect of nitrogen application level of 120 kg/ha was the best,and the activities of nitrate reductase(NR)and glutamine synthetase(GS)were significantly higher than those of other treatments.Compared with the nitrogen application levels of 0(CK),60 and 180 kg/ha,the NR activity of nitrogen application level of 120 kg/ha increased by 60.1%,32.7%,21.8%and 76.9%,33.8%,26.4%at budding stage and full flowering stage respectively,and the GS activity increased by 24.9%,11.6%,7.0%and 60.8%,31.8%,17.4%respectively.In 2015 and 2016,the yields of nitrogen application level of 120 kg/ha were 1456.6 kg/ha and 1499.2 kg/ha respectively,compared with the nitrogen application levels of 0(CK),60 and 180 kg/ha,the yield of nitrogen application level of 120 kg/ha increased by 117.7%,75.5%,12.2%and105.0%,70.7%,11.0%respectively,and the capsules per plant improved by 120.4%,38.6%,12.5%and 105.0%,34.7%,10.9%respectively,the seeds per capsule increased by 30.6%,19.2%,7.2%and 31.7%,18.4%,8.8%respectively,the 1000-seed weight enhanced by 12.5%,5.5%,1.8%and11.5%,3.1%,3.8%respectively.The grain protein contents of nitrogen application level of 120 kg/ha were 24.58%and 25.20%in 2015 and 2016 respectively,compared with the nitrogen application levels of 0(CK),60 and 180 kg/ha,the grain protein content of nitrogen application level of 120 kg/ha improved by 28.6%,13.1%,10.3%and 31.0%,15.0%,11.5%

关 键 词：芝麻 供氮水平 氮代谢 产量 品质 

分 类 号：S565.3[农业科学—作物学]