哈尼族典型聚落的民居分布格局及其演变机理——以云南省元阳县全福庄中寨为例  

Residential Distribution Pattern and Evolution Mechanism of Typical Hani Settlement:A Case Study of Quanfuzhuang Middle Village in Yuanyang County,Yunnan Province

作　　者：邱应美 角媛梅[1] 杨宇亮[1] 李亚[1] 李宏[1] 赵冬梅 刘澄静 张娟 QIU Yingmei;JIAO Yuanmei;YANG Yuliang;LI Ya;LI Hong;ZHAO Dongmei;LIU Chengjing;ZHANG Juan(School of Tourism and Geographic Sciences, Yuannan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China)

机构地区：[1]云南师范大学旅游与地理科学学院,昆明650500

出　　处：《地域研究与开发》2021年第5期44-50,57,共8页Areal Research and Development

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41761115)。

摘　　要：利用GIS技术分析位于云南红河哈尼梯田遗产核心区的元阳县全福庄中寨1960年开始建寨以来民居分布格局的演变过程,探讨关键因子对民居分布格局的影响机制。结果表明:(1)民居演变经历了建寨(1960—1963年)、迁入(1964—1975年)、慢速扩展(1976—2005年)和快速扩张(2006—2018年)4个阶段,分别形成民居分布的单核、双核、双核邻域扩展和多核等空间格局模式,并呈现由集中向随机分布格局演变的特征。(2)影响民居分布格局的关键因子是地形、距水井距离、距道路距离和亲缘关系,其中距水井和道路距离是最主要的影响因子,而亲缘关系影响的是民居聚集程度。(3)民居演化过程表现为建寨阶段受地形和距水井距离影响,迁入和慢速扩展阶段主要受亲缘关系影响,而快速扩张阶段则主要受距道路距离因子控制。未来在乡村聚落重构和建设中应综合考虑这4个因素,以实现哈尼聚落与梯田遗产的持续发展。This study applied the GIS technology to analyze the evolution process of the residential distribution pattern of Quanfuzhuang Middle Village in Yuanyang County,which located in the core area of Hani terrace heritage in Honghe of Yunnan Province,since its starting of establishment in 1960,and to explore the impact of key factors and the evolution mechanism of residential settlements.The results show that:(1)The evolution of the residential settlements has experienced four stages:establishment(1960—1963),immigration(1964—1975),slow expansion(1976—2005),and rapid expansion(2006—2018),corresponding to four spatial patterns of residential distribution such as single-core,dual-core,dual-core neighborhood expansion and multi-core,respectively.And it presents the characteristics of evolution from concentration to random distribution pattern.(2)The key factors affecting the distribution pattern of residential buildings are topography,distance to wells,distance to roads and kinship.Amongst,the distance to wells and roads are the most important factor.Kinship has affected the aggregation degree of residential buildings.(3)The evolution process of residential buildings is mainly influenced by the terrain and the distance to wells in the establishment stage,and by the population factors in the migration and slow expansion.Whereas its evolution of the rapid expansion is mainly controlled by the external distance to road factor in recent years.Future study should consider these four factors in the reconstruction and construction of rural settlement to realize the sustainable development of rural settlement and Hani rice terraces heritage.

关 键 词：哈尼族民居 分布格局 关键因子 演变机理 全福庄中寨 元阳县 

分 类 号：K901[历史地理—人文地理学]