震后典型建筑物倒塌场景下压埋人员快速定位方法  

Fast Positioning Method of Buried Personnel in Typical Building Collapse Scene after an Earthquake

作　　者：肖东升[1,2,3] 廖立国 XIAO Dongsheng;LIAO Liguo(School of Civil Engineering and Geomatics,Southwest Petroleum University,Chengdu 610500,China;Surveying,Mapping and Remote Sensing Geographic Information Disaster Prevention and Emergency Research Center,Southwest Petroleum University,Chengdu 610500,China;Institute of Care-Life,Chengdu 610041,China)

机构地区：[1]西南石油大学土木工程与测绘学院,四川成都610500 [2]西南石油大学测绘遥感地理信息防灾应急研究中心,四川成都610500 [3]成都高新减灾研究所,四川成都610041

出　　处：《灾害学》2021年第4期61-66,106,共7页Journal of Catastrophology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51774250);四川省科技计划项目(2019JDR0112);西南石油大学测绘遥感地信与防灾应急青年科技创新团队(2019CXTD07);四川省科技创新苗子工程项目(2020046)。

摘　　要：现有的针对地震后压埋人员设备的定位方法主要是基于信号接收强度(Received Signal Strength Indication,RSSI),其过程主要可以分为测距和定位两个阶段。测距阶段由于实际复杂压埋环境的限制没有匹配的无线信道模型可以直接应用。为了实现复杂震后环境压埋人员的快速搜救,通过模拟三种典型建筑物倒塌压埋空间,对获得的大量数据利用近高斯-小波分析方法实现信号的平滑输出,建立不同场景下的最优无线信道模型,将波动的参数细化到小区间,在此基础上采用改进的三维加权质心定位算法得到压埋人员三维位置的最优估计。模拟实验结果表明,该方法具有较高的定位精度,5 m×5 m范围内解算的压埋手机最大定位误差为0.3 m,平均误差为0.23 m。10 m×10 m范围内最大定位误差为0.51 m,平均误差为0.31 m。The existing positioning method for buried personnel and equipment after an earthquake is mainly based on the Received Signal Strength Indication(RSSI),and the process can be divided into two stages:ranging and positioning.In the ranging stage,due to the limitations of the actual complex buried environment,there is no matching wireless channel model that can be directly applied.In order to realize the rapid search and rescue of buried personnel in complex post-earthquake environments we simulate the collapse and buried space of three typical buildings,and use near Gaussian-wavelet analysis method to achieve smooth output of signals on the large amount of data obtained,and establishe the best results in different scenarios.The optimal wireless channel model refines the fluctuating parameters between the cells.On this basis,an improved three-dimensional weighted centroid positioning algorithm is used to obtain the best estimate of the three-dimensional position of the buried personnel.The simulation experiment results show that the method has high positioning accuracy.The maximum positioning error of the buried mobile phone calculated in the range of 5 m×5 m is 0.3 m,and the average error is 0.23 m.The maximum positioning error within 10 m×10 m is 0.51 m,and the average error is 0.31 m.

关 键 词：地震灾害 建筑物倒塌 压埋环境 无线信道模型 近高斯-小波分析 三维加权质心定位 

分 类 号：X43[环境科学与工程—灾害防治] X915.5