重复计算的方法论问题与意义  

The Methodological Problem and Significance of Double-Counting

作　　者：胡瑞斌[1] HU Rui-bin(College of Philosophy,Nankai University,Tianjin 300350,China)

机构地区：[1]南开大学哲学院,天津300350

出　　处：《科学技术哲学研究》2021年第5期65-71,共7页Studies in Philosophy of Science and Technology

基　　金：国家留学基金“国家建设高水平公派研究生项目”(201906200113);南开大学文科发展基金项目“建模的认识论研究”(ZB21BZ0218)。

摘　　要：在科学证据或确证理论中,重复计算指的是使用数据构建假设,同时使用同样的数据作为对于所构建假设的支持或确证。尽管科学实践中存在诸多涉及重复计算的案例,但重复计算的方法论地位并未获得普遍认可,其争议的焦点在于使用新颖性问题。对此,严格性要求、条件支持概念和简单性要求等策略均为解决这一问题提供了重要思路。在此基础上,可以看到重复计算在科学发现、解释异常、证据理论以及对数据的利用方面具有重要的方法论意义。In theories of scientific evidence or confirmation,double-counting refers to the approach in which the same data are used both to construct a hypothesis and support or confirm it.Although there are many cases including double-counting in scientific practice,its methodological status has not been generally appreciated.The main controversy is the problem of use-novelty,which can be settled through strategies like severity requirement,conditional support and simplicity requirement.It should be noted that double-counting is methodologically significant in scientific discoveries,explanations for anomalies,theories of evidence and the use of data.

关 键 词：重复计算 使用新颖性 证据 方法论 

分 类 号：N02[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学]