我国铁路跨海大桥建造技术及发展  

Construction Technology and Development of Railway Cross-sea Bridges in China

作　　者：王东辉[1] 何华武[2] WANG Donghui;HE Huawu(China Railway Major Bridge Engineering Group Co Ltd,Wuhan Hubei 430050,China;Chinese Academy of Engineering,Beijing 100088,China)

机构地区：[1]中国中铁大桥局集团有限公司,湖北武汉430050 [2]中国工程院,北京100088

出　　处：《中国铁路》2021年第9期18-25,共8页China Railway

摘　　要：跨海铁路大桥由于建设环境复杂及自身结构特点,其建造难度远超内河桥梁,尤其是平潭海峡公铁大桥的建造,开启了我国跨海铁路大桥建设新篇章。在建的和拟建的几座大型跨海铁路大桥,创新了多项跨海铁路大桥建造技术:大桥基础方面,钻孔桩直径从4.9 m发展到6.3 m,不断刷新工程建设纪录;大型设置式沉井基础在跨海铁路桥也得到探索实践;海洋环境大风下高塔建造技术的成功应用保障了塔柱施工安全质量;钢梁大节段制造、安装,提高了海上施工工效、降低了安全风险。大跨度斜拉悬吊协作体系公铁两用大桥,2根主缆采用空间不平行缆索体系科技含量高,填补了我国跨海大桥建造技术诸多空白。复杂海域施工结构抗风浪安全关键技术、海洋工程施工装备研发以及跨海铁路大桥耐久性设计等,都将为今后高质量建造更多的跨海大桥提供技术保障。Due to the complex construction environmental conditions and the structural characteristics of cross-sea railway bridges,it is far more difficult to construct cross-sea railway bridges than inland river bridges,especially the construction of the Pingtan Strait Rail-cum-Road Bridge,which has opened a new chapter in the construction of the cross-sea railway bridges in China.A number of technologies in constructing cross-sea railway bridges have been innovated for several large cross-sea railway bridges which are under construction and will be constructed.In terms of bridge foundation,the diameter of bored piles has been increased from 4.9 m to 6.3 m,breaking the engineering record;the large-scale open caisson foundation has also been developed and adopted to cross-sea railway bridges;the successful application of the high tower construction technology under the strong windy conditions at sea ensures the safety and quality of tower column construction;the manufacture and installation of long-segment steel beams improve the efficiency of offshore construction and reduce the risk.With regard to the rail-cum-road bridge of longspan cable-stayed suspension cooperative system,the spatially non-parallel cable system is adopted for two main cables,which fills technical gaps in the construction technology of cross-sea bridges in China.The key safety technologies for wind and wave resistance of construction structures in the sea areas with complex conditions,R&D of offshore engineering construction equipment,and durability design of cross-sea railway bridges will provide technical support for the construction of more high-quality cross-sea bridges in the future.

关 键 词：铁路桥梁 跨海大桥 平潭海峡公铁大桥 建造技术 

分 类 号：U442[建筑科学—桥梁与隧道工程]