早期社会剥夺的发展风险与儿童依恋障碍  

Developmental Risks of Early Social Deprivation and Attachment Disorder in Children

作　　者：陈立[1,2] 王倩 赵微 王庭照[1] Li Chen;Qian Wang;Wei Zhao;Tingzhao Wang(Education College,Shaanxi Normal University,Xi’an 710062 China;Teacher Education School,Sichuan College of Arts and Science,Dazhou 635000 China;Xianyang Special Education School,Xianyang 712000 China)

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学教育学部,西安710062 [2]四川文理学院教师教育学院,达州635000 [3]陕西省咸阳市特殊教育学校,咸阳712000

出　　处：《学前教育研究》2021年第10期22-31,共10页Studies in Early Childhood Education

基　　金：陕西省2019年基础教育重大项目“陕西省特殊教育发展定位与推进策略研究”(编号:ZDKT1904);陕西师范大学2021年中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目“困境儿童心理危机的风险识别与干预策略研究”(编号:2021TS065);四川文理学院2018年科研创新团队建设项目“融合教育理论与实践创新团队”(编号:2018KC002R)。

摘　　要：儿童对主要照顾者形成的依恋对儿童情绪社会性与心理健康等的发展具有深远影响。关于养育机构儿童的已有研究表明,如果儿童养育环境不良,个性化照料缺失,养护人员频繁变换,且与儿童人际互动、情感沟通缺乏,就会使儿童处于早期社会剥夺的境遇中,加之来自儿童本身的脆弱因子与遗传因素等的消极影响,养育机构儿童通常有着更高的混乱型依恋发生率,表现为抑制反应性依恋障碍或去抑制性社会参与障碍等。我国学前留守与流动儿童容易陷于相似的早期社会剥夺境遇中,同样存在依恋障碍等精神疾病发生的高风险。政府部门应构建留守和流动幼儿发展风险监测机制,优化幼儿依恋关系发展的成长环境;家庭应成为留守和流动幼儿依恋发展的安全基地,促进幼儿安全型依恋关系的发展;幼儿园应加强对留守和流动幼儿的关爱,促进幼儿亲子依恋向多重依恋的平稳过渡。Early social deprivation is the elimination and segregation of social relations during early life.Studies on orphanage children have shown that such deprivation can damage children’s physical and mental development chronically,which manifests in deprivation of attachment relationship and obstruction of establishment of normal attachment relationship that will lead to abnormal behavior interaction pattern and may cause mental illness such as attachment disorder.Children’s attachment relationship’s development results from the interaction between parenting environment and individual factors.Rural left-behind children and migrant children are vulnerable to early social deprivation.It not only needs to improve their early living environment,but also needs to monitor their development of attachment relationship and intervene individual disadvantages dynamically.

关 键 词：社会剥夺 依恋障碍 留守儿童 流动儿童 

分 类 号：G444[哲学宗教—心理学]