重庆市南岸区187位居民膳食结构与健康状况分析  

Analysis of dietary structure and health status of 187 residents in Nan'an District,Chongqing

作　　者：袁玲燕[1] 张勇[2] 谭玲丽 段玮倩 田渝[1] 吴小花[1] 曾德唯[1] 甘忠志 Yuan Lingyan;Zhang Yong;Tan Lingli;Duan Weiqian;Tian Yu;Wu Xiaohua;Zeng Dewei;Gan Zhongzhi(Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Nan'an District,Chongqing 400000,China;School of Public Health and Management,Chongqing Medical University,Chongqing 400016,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆市南岸区疾病预防控制中心,重庆400000 [2]重庆医科大学公共卫生与管理学院,重庆400016

出　　处：《保健医学研究与实践》2021年第4期33-37,50,共6页Health Medicine Research and Practice

基　　金：重庆市南岸区2019年科卫联合医学科研项目(2019-15)。

摘　　要：目的调查重庆市南岸区居民膳食结构和健康状况,为指导居民合理选择食物以预防高血压、肥胖等慢性疾病提供依据。方法采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样方法抽取南岸区187位居民作为调查对象进行调查,采用3天24小时回顾法、称重记账法了解调查对象食物摄入和食用油、盐等调味品消费情况,同时收集调查对象的身高、体质量、血压、血糖、血脂等健康数据。结果分别有26.2%、24.6%及29.9%的调查对象摄入了水果类、水产品类、奶及奶制品;98.4%的调查对象摄入了谷薯类和蔬菜类食物;93.6%的调查对象摄入了畜禽肉类食物,其平均每标准人日摄入量为(81.0±56.7)g,其中41.1%的调查对象的畜禽肉类摄入量大于膳食指南推荐摄入量最大值。16.7%的调查对象食用油摄入量>30 g/d,5.1%的调查对象食用盐摄入量>10 g/d。绝大部分调查对象主要营养素的摄入量低于推荐摄入量(RNI)或适宜推荐量(AI)。调查对象超质量检出率为38.4%,肥胖检出率为20.5%,高血压检出率为43.0%,而不同性别调查对象超质量检出率的差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。调查对象血液生化指标异常检出率最高的为空腹血糖,异常检出率为40.9%,其次为总胆固醇,异常检出率为32.6%。不同性别调查对象血液生化指标异常检出率差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论南岸区居民可能存在膳食结构欠合理,微量营养素的摄入明显不足的情况,这与食物消费方式和消费量有关;同时,其健康状况不容乐观,超质量率、肥胖率、高血压患病率以及血糖血脂异常率均较高,迫切需要有效干预。Objective To investigate the dietary structure and health status of residents in Nan′an District,Chongqing,and to provide a basis for guiding residents to make reasonable food choices to prevent chronic diseases such as hypertension and obesity.Methods A multistage stratified whole-group random sampling method was used to select 187 residents in Nan′an District as survey respondents.The 3-day 24-hour retrospective method and weighing and bookkeeping method were used to understand the food intake and consumption of edible oil,salt and other condiments of the survey respondents,while health data such as height,body mass,blood pressure,blood glucose and blood lipids were collected.Results 26.2%,24.6%and 29.9%of the respondents consumed fruits,aquatic products,milk and milk products respectively;98.4%of the respondents consumed cereals and potatoes and vegetables;93.6%of the respondents consumed livestock and poultry meat,and their average daily intake per person was(81.0±56.7)g.The average daily intake of livestock and poultry meat was 81.0±56.7 g per standard person,and 41.1%of the respondents′intake of livestock and poultry meat was greater than the maximum recommended intake in the dietary guidelines.16.7%of the respondents consumed oil>30 g/d and 5.1%consumed salt>10 g/d.Most of the respondents′intake of major nutrients was lower than the recommended nutrition intake(RNI)or the appropriate intake(AI).The detection rate of overweight was 38.4%,the detection rate of obesity was 20.5%,the detection rate of hypertension was 43.0%,and the difference in the detection rate of overweight was statistically significant(P<0.05)among the respondents of different genders.The abnormal blood biochemical index with the highest detection rate of was fasting blood glucose,with an abnormal detection rate of 40.9%,followed by total cholesterol,with an abnormal detection rate of 32.6%.The differences in the detection rates of abnormal blood biochemical indexes among the respondents of different genders were not statistical

关 键 词：重庆市 居民 膳食结构 健康状况 干预 

分 类 号：R151.42[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学]