王世贞在明末清初文学演变过程中的价值与地位重估  

Reevaluation of the Value and Status of Wang Shizhen in the Evolution ofLiterature in the Late Ming and Early Qing Dynasties

作　　者：许建平[1] 许在元 XU Jianping;Xu Zaiyuan(School of Humanities,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200240,China;School of Journalism and Communication,Shanghai International Studies University,Shanghai 200083,China)

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学人文学院,上海200240 [2]上海外国语大学新闻传播学院,上海200083

出　　处：《上海交通大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2021年第5期71-83,共13页Journal of Shanghai Jiao tong University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“《王世贞全集》整理与研究”(项目号:12&ZD159)。

摘　　要：王世贞是晚明一位影响大、争议多,被误读也多的承前启后的文学家,故须重新认识评价。事实上,王世贞与七子派的诗文理论是王阳明心学与前代诗学相结合的产物,具有先进性和集合性。王世贞诗学在继承“七子”派的同时,发生了六种新变:以博补狭、性灵观、情法观、新格调体系、格调式神韵说、对模拟的扬弃等,从而形成了以情欲为源,以抒情写意为归,以法度范式为体,以学养为粮,以才气思为翼,以格调韵境为品,以自然为美的完整的文学思想体系。这个体系是中国诗学发展至此的集大成,标志着中国诗学理论至此已基本完成,此后的理论只是这一理论中某一枝(如宗唐派、宗宋派、性灵派、格调说、神韵说)的极端式的、精细化的发展,同时意味着时代风气转换的开始(如情法诗学取代道统诗学、性灵之风、博学之风、求实之风等)。王世贞诗文创作集前代之精,别开新体,量大、体全而不乏精品,形成雄浑、刚健、清新而自然的风格,被誉为明代苏轼。如果说明清文学的重心经历了由心学到实学、由义理到考据、由率性到致用、由性灵到神韵的转变的话,那么,王世贞就是这个转变过程中不可或缺的催化剂、转换器,一位开启清代诗风的先导。Wang Shizhen is an influential,controversial,but misunderstood writer,who should be reevaluate.In fact,the poetic theory of Wang Shizheng and“seven-person school”is the product of the combination of Wang Yangming s philosophy of the mind and the poetry of the previous generations,which is advanced and collective.At the same time of inheriting the“seven-person school”,Wang Shizhen s poetics had undergone six new changes and formed a complete literary ideological system which is the culmination of the development of Chinese poetics thus far,marking the basic completion of the theory of Chinese poetics,and the subsequent theories are only the extreme and refined development of a certain branch of this theory,and which,at the same time,means the beginning of the change of times.Wang Shizheng,whose poetry and prose have a vigorous,fresh,and natural style,is known as the Su Shi of the Ming Dynasty.If the focus of literature in the Ming and the Qing Dynasties has experienced the transformation from the philosophy of the mind to practical learning,from theory to textual research,from desire to application,and from spirit to verve,then Wang Shizheng is an indispensable catalyst and converter in this transformation process,and the pioneer of the poetic style in the Qing Dynasty.

关 键 词：王世贞 七子派新变 集大成 先导 

分 类 号：I206.2[文学—中国文学] K248[历史地理—历史学]