黄土高原地区生态系统碳储量空间分布及其影响因素  

Spatial distribution of carbon storages in the terrestrial ecosystems and its influencing factors on the Loess Plateau

作　　者：李妙宇 上官周平[1,2,3] 邓蕾 LI Miaoyu;SHANGGUAN Zhouping;DENG Lei(State Key Laboratory for Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau,Institute of Soil and Water Conservation,Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources,Yangling 712100,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Institute of Soil and Water Conservation,Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University,Yangling 712100,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室,杨凌712100 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所,杨凌712100

出　　处：《生态学报》2021年第17期6786-6799,共14页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：中国科学院战略性先导科技专项A类(XDA23070201)。

摘　　要：准确估算生态系统碳储量,探明其空间分布及其影响因素对区域生态管理具有重要意义,但黄土高原地区碳储量现状、空间格局及其驱动因素尚不清楚。选择黄土高原地区森林(包括乔木林和灌木林),草地和农田生态系统为对象,基于大量实测样点通过克里金插值和地统计方法,评估了三种生态系统地上生物量碳密度、地下生物量碳密度和0—100 cm土壤有机碳密度空间分布,并通过路径分析探讨了各碳库的主要影响因素。结果表明:黄土高原地区约占全国总面积的6.7%,其生态系统总碳储量约为2.29 Pg,仅占我国生态系统碳储量的2.3%。生态系统各碳库中,地上生物量碳储量、地下生物量碳储量、土壤有机碳储量分别为0.44、0.32和1.52 Pg;森林、草地、农田(仅指土壤)生态系统碳储量分别为0.98、1.09和0.21 Pg。气候(年均温度、年均降水)、海拔、坡度、土壤质地(砂粒、粉粒、粘粒含量)、植被覆盖状况(用NDVI表示)等因子可解释地上生物量碳密度、地下生物量碳密度、农田土壤有机碳密度空间变异的12%、8%和32%,其中,年均降水、海拔、粘粒含量是黄土高原地区生态系统碳储量空间格局的主要影响因素。本研究表明,由于黄土高原地区独特的气候、地形和土壤条件,其生态系统虽然具有较大的碳储量,但是低于我国生态系统碳储量的平均水平。To accurately estimate ecosystem carbon storages and explore its spatial distribution and influencing factor have great significance for regional ecological managements.However,the status and spatial pattern of carbon storages on the Loess Plateau and the driving factors are still unclear.This study,based on a large number of measured sample points of forest,grassland and cropland ecosystems in the Loess Plateau,used the Kriging interpolation method and the geostatistics method to estimate the spatial distribution of above-and belowground biomass carbon storages and 0—100 cm soil organic carbon storages in each ecosystem.Meanwhile,the study used path analysis to explore the main influencing factors of spatial patterns of carbon storages in different carbon pools.The results showed that total carbon storages of the Loess Plateau is about 2.29 Pg which only accounting for 2.3%of the carbon storages(99.15 Pg)in the whole China,and the Loess Plateau covers 6.7%of China.Of the Loess Plateau,the above-and belowground biomass carbon storages,and the soil organic carbon storages are 0.44 Pg,0.32 Pg and 1.52 Pg,respectively.The carbon storages of forest,grassland and cropland(excluding vegetation)ecosystems are about 0.98 Pg,1.09 Pg and 0.21 Pg,respectively.Climate factors(mean annual temperature,mean annual precipitation),altitude,topography(slope),soil texture(sand,silt,clay content)and Normalized Differential Vegetation Index(NDVI)can explain 12%,8%and 32%of the spatial variations in above-and belowground biomass carbon storages and cropland soil organic carbon storages.Mean annual precipitation,altitude and clay content are main factors affecting the spatial patterns of carbon storages in the Loess Plateau.Overall,the study suggested that there had a large carbon pool in the Loess Plateau,but the values was lower than the average level of the whole China.

关 键 词：黄土高原 碳密度 碳储量 空间格局 生态系统 

分 类 号：X171.1[环境科学与工程—环境科学]