中国传统残障观意涵再探讨  

The Re-examination of Chinese Traditional Conceptions of Disabilities

作　　者：牛原 NIU Yuan

机构地区：[1]东海大学社会工作学系,中国台湾台中市40704

出　　处：《残疾人研究》2021年第3期23-32,共10页Disability Research

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究一般项目“残障学生的教育获得感研究”(19YJA880047);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目“新时代残疾人发展型社会政策体系的构建研究”(2572019CG10)

摘　　要：残障观是社会对人类身心障碍差异的总体看法和基本观点,与特定的社会形态相适应,随着社会结构的变化而变迁。当代中国社会中的残障研究领域极少涉及身心障碍文化观念问题,对于中国传统残障观意涵的认识亦不充足,仅有一些关于其形成演变的讨论,而这些讨论也忽略了中国传统残障观在不同历史时期、文化价值下的真实意涵及演变历程。本文通过对两种有别于"新残障观"的传统残障观的阐述,尝试"还原"中国传统的残障观如何演化成现今公众所认识的样貌,指出我国传统残障观在目前国际主流残疾模式中尚未占据主导地位,而只是这些模式某种程度上的补充或注解。本文认为,历史上对残障观的片面解读和理解过程直接影响了社会对传统残障观的理解,强调全面地认识和理解中国传统残障观是新时期残障者事业高质量发展的前提和基础。残障群体和社会公众需要树立文化自信,在了解本民族文化残障观的基础上,结合现代残障理念以更新和发展固有的残障观念,完善我国残障者社会保障法律制度,促进社会融合及相关政策服务输送成效和残障者需求的切实满足。Views of persons with disabilities involving overall and basic viewpoints upon differences between human physical and mental disorders,corresponding to certain social forms,change with the change of social structure.Disability research field in contemporary Chinese society rarely involves questions about the disabled culture and the understanding of the implications for the traditional Chinese view of the disabled is not deep enough,and there are only some traditional views on the discussion of models of disabilities,yet,the discussion has ignored the traditional Chinese concept of disability in different historical periods,the true meaning of cultural value,and evolution.This article,through explaining two kinds of traditional concepts of disability which are different from the"new concept of disability",tries to"restore"how the traditional view of the disabled has evolved into what it is known to the public today,and it points out that the traditional Chinese view of the disabled is not dominant in the current international mainstream and that to some degree it is only a complement.The article argues that the historical one-sided interpretation and understanding of the concept of disability directly affects the current public understanding of the traditional concept of disability,emphasizing that a comprehensive understanding of the traditional Chinese concept of disability is the premise and foundation for the high-quality development of the cause of disability in the new era.Disabled groups and the social public need to build cultural self-confidence,understand models of disability on the basis of the modern concept to update the inherent one,perfect social protection legal system and promote social fusion and related service delivery to meet demands from persons with disabilities.

关 键 词：传统残障观 先秦 佛教因果论 儒家和谐观 

分 类 号：C913.7[经济管理]