基于农业项目的国家干预与农业转型--以中国湖南水稻生产地区的实践为例  

Project-Based State Intervention and Agrarian Change in Contemporary China: The Case of Rice Production in Pingwan County,Hunan

作　　者：龚为纲[1] 布拉克 Weigang Gong;Burak Gurel

机构地区：[1]武汉大学社会学系 [2]土耳其科奇大学社会学系

出　　处：《中国乡村研究》2021年第1期244-273,共30页Rural China:An International Journal of History and Social Science

摘　　要：本文以2009年以来中央政府在湖南省平晚县实施的国家粮食安全项目和农业产业化项目为例,分析了国家在当代中国农业转型中的角色及其动力机制。研究表明,在各种类型的项目实践过程中,政府通过提供大量(正式和非正式)补贴和土地流转把耕地转移给家庭农场和农业企业,使水稻生产领域的农业转型成为可能。我们还发现,在缺乏私有产权的情况下,为了农业项目的顺利落地,地方政府对农地流转的强有力控制使得快速转移大片土地相对容易,有助于农业企业和大户避免在私有土地制度下可能面临的重大交易成本。文章还表明,地方政府倾向于支持在地理和气候条件较好的耕地上开展耕地流转,因此使得不同地区农业转型的图景差异明显。This article analyzes the role of the state in the development of capitalist agriculture in contemporary China by focusing on the implementation of the central-government-sponsored National Grain Security Project and Agricultural Industrialization Project in Pingwan county of Hunan province since 2009. It demonstrates that by providing significant( formal and informal) subsidies and transferring large tracts of farmland to large farmers and agribusinesses, the Chinese government has made the capitalist transformation of rice production possible. We stress that in the absence of private property rights,the local governments’ strong control over farmland transactions makes it relatively easy to transfer large tracts quickly,helping agribusinesses and large farmers avoid significant transaction costs they would otherwise have to face under a system of private landownership. The article also shows that existing policies support the transfer of farmland in regions with favorable geographic and climatic conditions over other regions and therefore lack the capacity to decrease regional inequalities.

关 键 词：国家干预 农业转型 项目制 家庭农场 龙头企业 

分 类 号：F326.11[经济管理—产业经济]