“一带一路”国际人才网络对中国出口贸易的影响:来自出口企业的微观证据  

Impact of "One Belt and One Road" International Talent Network on China’s Export Trade:Micro-Evidence from Chinese Export Companies

作　　者：张俊美 佟家栋[2] Zhang Jun Mei;Tong Jia Dong

机构地区：[1]浙江工业大学全球浙商发展研究院 [2]南开大学经济学院

出　　处：《世界经济研究》2021年第9期99-117,M0004,共20页World Economy Studies

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“经济全球化调整期的国际保护主义发展新趋势及我国的应对策略研究”(项目批准号:12&ZD087);教育部基地项目“国际经贸规则重构对中国参与亚太区域合作和全球经济治理的影响及对策研究”(项目批准号:17JJD790013)的资助。

摘　　要：随着全球化的发展,国际人才在经济社会中发挥着越来越重要的作用。文章使用2000~2016年中国企业出口数据以及"一带一路"沿线国家来华留学生等数据考察了国际人才网络对中国企业出口贸易的影响。研究发现,国际人才网络显著促进了中国企业与"一带一路"沿线国家的出口贸易,这一促进作用不仅体现在出口额的增长上,还体现在出口产品种类数的增长上,且上述结论通过了多种稳健性检验。机制检验发现,降低贸易中的不确定性和贸易成本是国际人才网络发挥作用的重要渠道。拓展分析表明,相比于非"一带一路"国家,国际人才网络对中国企业与"一带一路"国家的出口促进作用更大,且在"一带一路"倡议提出之后,这一促进作用有所增强;此外,国际人才网络对出口的积极作用主要来源于来华留学生中的学历生。进一步研究发现,在对贸易的促进作用上国际人才网络与出口目的国的非正式制度和正式制度成替代关系,可以一定程度上弥补目的国制度的缺失。文章证实了国际人才对"一带一路"建设的重要性,为中国加大力度培育具有国际视野的"一带一路"人才提供了一定的理论基础。With the development of globalization,international talents have played an increasingly important role in the economy and society.The paper uses the data of China’s customs from 2000 to 2016 and the data of foreign students in China to examine the impact of the international talent network formed by the students in China coming from the countries along the"One Belt One Road"on the export of Chinese enterprises.The study finds that the international talent network has significantly promoted the increase of Chinese enterprises’export value and variety to the countries along the"One Belt One Road",and the conclusion keeps stable for various robustness tests and considering the endogenous problems.The mechanism tests find that reducing the trade costs and uncertainty of bilateral countries is an important mechanism for the international talent network to promote China’s exports to countries along the"Belt and Road".Expansion analyses show that,first of all,compared with non-Belt and Road countries,international talent networks have a greater role in promoting the export of Chinese companies and countries along the Belt and Road.After the"Belt and Road"initiative was put forward,the promotion effect has increased;secondly,the positive effect of the international talent network on exports mainly comes from the degree students among the overseas students.The international talent network can,to a certain extent,make up the lack of the informal institution and formal institution in the export destination country to further promote the export of Chinese enterprises.This paper confirms the importance of international talents for the construction of the"One Belt One Road"and provides a certain theoretical basis for China to intensify its efforts to cultivate"One Belt and One Road"talents with international vision.

关 键 词：“一带一路” 企业出口 国际人才 出口目的国制度 

分 类 号：C964[经济管理—人力资源管理] F752.62