失范抑或常态:理解转型期体育文化及伦理信念失范的一个视角  

Anomie May Become A Normal State:A Perspective on Understanding the Anomie in Sports Culture and Ethical Belief during the Transition Period

作　　者：王智慧 WANG Zhihui(Sport Department,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872;Research Center for Humanistic Beijing,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872;Sports and Social Development Research Center,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学体育部,北京100872 [2]中国人民大学社会与人口学院,北京100872 [3]中国人民大学体育与社会发展研究中心,北京100872

出　　处：《成都体育学院学报》2021年第5期79-86,共8页Journal of Chengdu Sport University

基　　金：国家社科基金重点项目资助“藏族传统体育文化记忆、表达与传承机制研究”(18AZD037)。

摘　　要：论文讨论了体育发展过程中的失范问题,认为:(1)转型期的体育文化与伦理信念失范,整体呈现为体育政策中的权力失范、体育公共领域内执行力量弱态化、多元体育文化在资本推动下加剧发展,并表现在体育参与者的越轨行为中;(2)基于“体育伦理信念-体育规范-体育参与行为”三维分析框架,体育文化与伦理信念失范包含体育伦理信念型失范、体育规范解组型失范、体育文化异化型失范三种类型,且三种类型的失范依次表现出工具化与世俗化、结构脆性与执行效力不足、过度娱乐化及低俗化倾向;(3)社会变迁所带来的现代化发展改变了传统的体育伦理价值观念,亚文化与反规范互构形成的“社会思潮”影响了个人体育价值理念和行为选择;(4)转型期体育文化与伦理信念失范的矫治策略在于,重构体育伦理信念、提升体育参与职业群体的道德水准,建立协同治理机制、提高体育制度供给和制度执行效力,树立风险意识、建立体育文化与伦理道德失范的舆情预警监测机制。In order to further reveal the mechanism of anomiein sports culture and ethical belief during social transitional period and explore the appropriate strategies for correcting anomie,this present paper studies the anomie issuesin sports development based on relevant sociological theories.The results show that:(1)Power anomieexists in sports policy formulation and implementation,bureaucratic structure and effect supervision;the contradiction between the supply and demand of public sportsservice resources,as manifested by the anomie of sports system,is worsening;the development of sports culturedriven by capital due to the anomie insports culture development is aggravating.These are currently the overall situation of anomie insports field.(2)The deviant behaviors of sports participants during social transitionalperiod are manifestedas social structural tension,resource-interest conflicts,and media communication alienation.(3)Ouranalysis based on the three-dimensional analytical framework of"ethical belief of sports-sports norm-sports participation behavior"shows thatcurrently the anomie in sports includes three types:anomie in ethic belief of sports,anomie innormal disorganization of sports and anomie in sports culture alienation,which are respectively manifested as instrumentalized and secularized cognition of sports,structural fragility of sports norms and low executive efficiencyduring the transition period,and tendencies of secularization,over entertainmentand vulgarization of sports culture.(4)The modern development brought about by social changes has changed the ethical values of traditional sports.The"social thoughts"promoted by the mutual construction of subculture and counter-normhas influenced the sports value and behavior choice of individuals,which are the social structural factors for anomie in sports culture and ethic beliefs of sports.(5)The strategies of correcting anomie in sports culture and ethical beliefs during the transitional period should focus on reconstructing ethical beliefs of sports and

关 键 词：科层结构 体育规范 解组 越轨 协同治理 舆情监测 体育制度供给 体育风险 

分 类 号：G80-054[文化科学—运动人体科学]