不同硒肥和施硒方式对桃品质及硒含量的影响  

Effects of Different Selenium Fertilizers in Different Methods on Selenium Absorption and Fruit Quality in Prunus persica L.

作　　者：张绍鹏[1] 董静洲 刘元杏 万军 程水源[1] 罗正德 ZHANG Shaopeng;DONG Jingzhou;LIU Yuanxing;WAN Jun;CHENG Shuiyuan;LUO Zhengde(National R&D Center for Se-rich Agricultural Products Processing,Wuhan Polytechnic University,Wuhan,Hubei 430023;Wuhan Xinzhou Garden and Forest Administration,Wuhan,Hubei 431400)

机构地区：[1]武汉轻工大学国家富硒农产品加工技术研究专业中心,湖北武汉430023 [2]武汉市新洲区园林和林业局,湖北武汉431400

出　　处：《北方园艺》2021年第18期54-59,共6页Northern Horticulture

基　　金：2019湖北省技术创新专项(重大项目)资助项目(2019ABA113)。

摘　　要：以桃树品种"春晓"为试材,选取有机硒肥和无机硒肥,分别设置100 mg·L^(-1)和50 mg·L^(-1)2个浓度,于幼果期分别采用"叶喷""输液"和"输液+叶喷"3种施硒方式,研究了不同硒肥和施硒方式对桃树果实的硒含量及主要品质指标的影响,以期为桃树的富硒栽培提供参考依据。结果表明:高浓度有机硒在幼果期进行2次叶喷的富硒效果最好,果实硒含量可达到0.13 mg·kg^(-1);而高浓度无机硒对桃叶损伤严重,显著影响果实质量。不同硒肥条件下,叶喷的施硒方式均能使果实富硒;而输液施硒的方式会导致树干严重流胶,施硒效率低下。桃子富硒后,其可溶性固形物、可溶性糖、可滴定酸和可溶性蛋白质含量均无显著变化。有机硒富硒效果优于无机硒,而且安全性更好。"有机硒+高浓度+叶喷"是该研究中的最优施硒方案。‘Chunxiao’peach(Prunus persica L.)was used as test material.Se concentration of organic and inorganic selenium fertilizers were set at Se 50 and 100 mg·L^(-1),and the‘foliar spraying’‘stem injection’and‘foliar+stem’applications were respectively applied to each tree during the young fruit period.The field experiment was conducted to study the effect of exogenous selenium on the content of selenium and other quality indicators,in order to provide theoretical and technical basis for cultivation Se-rich peach.The results indicated that the foliar spray of organic selenium at 100 mg·L^(-1) was the most effective way to increased Se concentration in the fruit,in which the Se content could be 0.13 mg·kg^(-1).But 100 mg·L^(-1) inorganic selenium was extremely harmful to the leaves of peach tree,which would significantly affect the fruit weight.Among different fertilizing methods,the foliar spraying of all selenium fertilizers could significantly increased the selenium content in the flesh that all reached the Hubei Se-rich standard for fruits and vegetables,which was the best method for producing the Se-rich fruits.However,after treated by stem infecting of Se,the gummy substance could oozed from the injection site on the stem and plugged the pinhole of the injector,which significantly inhibited the efficiency of selenium uptake from the stem of peach tree.And the content of soluble solids,soluble sugars,titratable acids,soluble proteins in the flesh of peach were not significantly changed by the fruit Se.This study revealed that organic selenium fertilizer was more rational and efficient for the Se supplementation in the peach fruits compared to non-organic selenium fertilizer.The best way of Se-rich cultivation in Prunus persica L.was foliar spraying two times with 100 mg·L^(-1) organic selenium fertilizer during the young fruit period.

关 键 词：桃 无机硒 有机硒 富硒 

分 类 号：S664.1[农业科学—果树学]