MicroRNA高灵敏检测及成像方法的研究进展  

Proceedings of the ultrasensitive detection and imaging of microRNA

作　　者：李达秀 向云[1] Li Da-xiu;Xiang Yun(College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Southwest University,Chongqing 400715,China)

机构地区：[1]西南大学化学化工学院,重庆400715

出　　处：《化学传感器》2019年第4期1-13,共13页Chemical Sensors

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(21675128)。

摘　　要：癌症严重威胁着人类的健康与生命。早期癌症诊断及有效靶向癌症组织给药在癌症治疗中起着重要的作用,但实现这一目标仍面临巨大的挑战。MicroRNA(miRNA)作为一种重要的细胞调控分子,参与调控包括细胞分化、细胞增殖和细胞凋亡等在内的重要生物过程。其异常表达与癌症、心血管疾病和阿尔茨海默病等各种疾病密切相关。因此,被视为临床上癌症诊断中理想的生物标志物和治疗靶点之一。由于细胞内miRNA具有序列短、浓度低且序列相似等特征,miRNA的检测仍面临挑战。因此,实现高灵敏度和特异性的miRNA检测对于癌症的早期诊断、治疗和预后监测等都具有重要意义。更为重要的是,实现细胞内新的高灵敏、高选择性的原位miRNA检测对于更好地了解其在细胞周期中的作用并进一步阐明其在临床诊断中的生物学功能至关重要。该文主要介绍miRNA检测及成像方法的研究发展。In recent years,cancer has gradually become an important threat to the health of human.Early diagnosis and the effective targeting therapy of cancer are critical to human health,but remains a major challenge.MicroRNA(miRNA)plays important regulatory roles in cellular processes such as cell proliferation,migration and apoptosis.Abnormal expression of miRNAs has proved to be correlated with a series of human diseases,including cancers,viral infections,and cardiovascular and neurological diseases.Therefore,miRNAs can be used as valuable biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and prognosis.However,it is a great challenge to monitor these cancer-related miRNAs in living cells because of their natural characteristics,such as small size,highly homologous sequences among family members,and low abundance.Therefore,it is of great significance to develop novel strategies for miRNA detection with ultrasensitive and highly selective.Importantly,methods for in situ miRNA detection with high sensitivity and specificity could supply valuable information for biomedical research,clinical early diagnosis and therapy.This review discusses the development of miRNA detection and imaging.

关 键 词：信号放大 细胞成像 miRNA检测 纳米材料 

分 类 号：TB383.1[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程] R730.4[医药卫生—肿瘤]