2000年后青藏高原区域气候的一些新变化  

Some New Changes of the Regional Climate on the Tibetan Plateau Since 2000

作　　者：王慧 张璐 石兴东 李栋梁 WANG Hui;ZHANG Lu;SHI Xingdong;LI Dongliang(Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster,Ministry of Education,Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters,School of Atmospheric Sciences,Nanjing University of Information Science&Technology,Nanjing 210044,China;Climate Center of Qinghai Province,Xining 810001,China;College of Atmospheric Sciences,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China)

机构地区：[1]南京信息工程大学大气科学学院/气象灾害预报预警与评估协同创新中心/气象灾害教育部重点实验室,江苏南京210044 [2]青海省气候中心,青海西宁810001 [3]兰州大学大气科学学院,甘肃兰州730000

出　　处：《地球科学进展》2021年第8期785-796,共12页Advances in Earth Science

基　　金：第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究项目“地气相互作用及其气候效应”任务一“西风—季风协同作用及其影响”(编号:2019QZKK0103);国家自然科学基金项目“青海高原草地生态系统对气候变化响应动态机制研究”(编号:U20A2098)资助。

摘　　要：在全球气候变暖进程中,青藏高原气候也发生了一系列的改变。在综述前人研究成果的基础上,从气温、地表温度、地面风速和地表感热通量等方面重点阐述了2000年后青藏高原气候的一些新变化及其可能原因。研究表明:青藏高原气温和地表温度在2000—2010年显著增温,而在2010年后出现增温变缓的趋势;地面风速在2000年前后发生了显著的趋势转变,由2000年之前的显著减小趋势逐渐转变为2010年后的显著增大趋势;2000年后风速和地气温差的变化共同导致地表感热通量的增强和趋势转折,其中,2000—2010年地温增温率快于气温的增温率,这对地气温差的加大和地表感热的增强具有重要贡献,2010年以后地面风速的快速增大是高原感热增强的主要因素。青藏高原风速的变化可能主要与大尺度的环流调整有关,而高原地温的变化则可能主要是高原局地下垫面要素相互作用的结果。该研究为理解青藏高原气候变化的最新进展提供了重要参考。In the process of global warming,a series of changes have also occurred in the climate of Tibetan Plateau.On the basis of summarizing the previous research results,some new climatic changes and their possible causes in the Tibetan Plateau after 2000 were discussed from the aspects of air temperature,0 cm ground temperature,surface wind speed and surface sensible heat flux.Results showed that:on the basis of the significant warming of air temperature and 0 cm ground temperature on the Tibetan Plateau during 2000-2010,their warming slowed down after 2010.The wind speed on the Tibetan Plateau had a significant trend change around 2000,which gradually changed from a significant decreasing trend before 2000 to a significant increasing trend after 2010.The changes of wind speed and air-ground temperature difference after 2000 jointly led to the enhancement and trend transition of the sensible heat flux on the Plateau,among which,the increase rate of ground temperature during 2000-2010 was faster than that of air temperature,which contributed significantly to the increase of air-ground temperature difference and the enhancement of surface sensible heat flux.The rapid increase of surface wind speed after 2010 was the main cause for the enhancement of surface sensible heat flux on the Tibetan Plateau.The variation of wind speed over the Tibetan Plateau may be mainly related to the adjustment of large-scale circulation,while the variation of ground temperature may be mainly the results of the interaction of local underlying surface elements over the Tibetan Plateau.

关 键 词：青藏高原 气候变化 感热通量 气温 地面风速 

分 类 号：P467[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]