浮性饵料投喂下两种养殖模式对罗非鱼生长与肌肉组分的影响  

Effect of two aquaculture models on growth and muscle composition of Tilapia mossambica under the feed of floating granules

作　　者：胡建勇[1] 李晓东[1] 李林[1] 刘晶[1] 徐军 高攀[1] HU Jian-yong;LI Xiao-dong;LI Lin;LIU Jing;XU Jun;GAO Pan

机构地区：[1]新疆维吾尔自治区水产科学研究所农业农村部西北地区渔业资源环境科学观测实验站,新疆乌鲁木齐830000 [2]昌吉市森淼渔业专业合作社,新疆昌吉831100

出　　处：《饲料研究》2021年第16期38-42,共5页Feed Research

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金资助项目(项目编号:2020D01A103);财政部和农业农村部:国家现代农业产业技术体系资助(项目编号:CARS-45)。

摘　　要：试验比较浮性饵料投喂下,罗非鱼在两种养殖模式下的生长、形体指标、肌肉质构特征及营养组分。对照组为土池塘主养罗非鱼模式,试验组为池塘内循环水养殖模式。试验期143 d。结果显示,与对照组相比,试验组罗非鱼的末重显著升高(P<0.05),肝体指数、脏体指数显著降低(P<0.05),肌肉粗蛋白、粗脂肪含量显著提高(P<0.05),粗灰分含量显著降低(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,试验组罗非鱼肌肉中必需氨基酸(EAA)总量显著提高(P<0.05);试验组除谷氨酸(Glu)、精氨酸(Arg)降低外,其他氨基酸均不同程度升高,EAA中亮氨酸(Leu)、苯丙氨酸(Phe)含量显著升高(P<0.05)。从AAS和CS结果看,试验组第一限制性氨基酸分别为缬氨酸(Val)、蛋氨酸+半胱氨酸(Met+Cys),第二限制性氨基酸分别为(Met+Cys)、异亮氨酸(Ile);对照组第一限制性氨基酸均为(Met+Cys),第二限制性氨基酸分别为Val、Ile,其他氨基酸评分结果均优于FAO/WHO标准模式或全鸡蛋蛋白模式。与对照组相比,试验组脂肪酸(TFA)、不饱和脂肪酸(TUFA)、饱和脂肪酸(TSFA)含量提高(P>0.05),不饱和脂肪酸C20∶1、C20∶3含量显著增加(P<0.05),C18∶3含量显著降低(P<0.05)。研究表明,池塘内循环养殖模式下的罗非鱼具有更好的生长性能,肉质和营养价值更高。The experiment compared the growth,shape index,muscle texture characteristics and nutritional components of tilapia under the feed of floating granules.The control group was a mode of mainly raising tilapia in earthen ponds,and the experimental group was a mode of recirculating aquaculture in ponds.The trial period lasted for 143 d.The results showed that compared with control group,the end weight of tilapia in experimental group was significantly increased(P<0.05),liver body index and visceral body index of tilapia were significantly decreased(P<0.05),and the crude protein and crude fat content were significantly increased(P<0.05),while crude ash content was significantly decreased(P<0.05).Compared with control group,the total essential amino acids of tilapia muscle in experimental group was significantly increased(P<0.05).Except for the decrease of Glu and Arg in experimental group,the other components of amino acids increased to varying degrees,and the content of Leu and Phe in EAA increased significantly(P<0.05).From the results of AAS and CS,the first limiting amino acids in experimental group were Val and(Met+Cys),and the second limiting amino acids were(Met+Cys)and Ile.The first limiting amino acids in control group was(Met+Cys),and the second limiting amino acids were Val and Ile,respectively.The scores of other amino acids were better than the FAO/WHO standard model or the whole egg protein pattern.Compared with the control group,the TFA,TUFA and TSFA in experimental group increased(P>0.05),and the content of unsaturated fatty acids C20∶1 and C20∶3 increased significantly(P<0.05).The content of C18∶3 was significantly reduced(P<0.05),and n-3/n-6 were 0.31 and 0.48,respectively.The experiment indicates that tilapia in the pond circulation culture mode has better growth performance,higher meat quality and nutritional value.

关 键 词：养殖模式 罗非鱼 生长性能 氨基酸 脂肪酸 

分 类 号：S964.3[农业科学—水产养殖]