盐岩隧道施工病害揭示及致灾因子研究  

On Defects and Disaster-causing Factors in Tunnelling in Salt Rocks

作　　者：王志杰[1] 李金宜 邓宇航 杜逸文 周平[1] 白小可 李峰刚 WANG Zhijie;LI Jinyi;DENG Yuhang;DU Yiwen;ZHOU Ping;BAI Xiaoke;LI Fenggang(Key Laboratory of Transportation Tunnel Engineering of Ministry of Education,Southwest Jiaotong University,Chengdu 610031;The Second Engineering Company CREGC,Chengdu 610073)

机构地区：[1]西南交通大学交通隧道工程教育部重点实验室,成都610031 [2]中铁二局第二工程有限公司,成都610073

出　　处：《现代隧道技术》2021年第5期46-55,共10页Modern Tunnelling Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51678498);中央高校基本科研业务专项资金(SWJTU11ZT33);教育部创新团队发展计划(IRT0955)。

摘　　要：中老铁路友谊隧道处于盐岩地层中,在施工时出现了极为严重的隧道病害,因此研究其病害成因对后续施工具有重大意义。文章对友谊隧道进行现场调研,通过现场采样、室内试验、现场监测和理论分析等手段对现场施工病害进行揭示并对致灾因子进行深入研究。研究发现,衬砌裂缝、变形超限是盐岩水溶性、膨胀性造成的;隧道塌陷空洞、腐蚀结晶是盐岩水溶性、腐蚀性造成的;仰拱底鼓是由不均匀沉降、盐类重结晶和软弱围岩流变性共同造成的。盐岩的力学性质、水溶性、开挖段盐岩含量及地下水成分及含量是造成盐岩隧道施工灾变的主要原因。加强排水,采用多层防水结构,优化建材,增加结构抗腐蚀能力,设置双层初期支护及基底换填等组合措施,可确保盐岩隧道快速安全施工。The Friendship tunnel on China-Laos railway is located in salt rocks,where very serious tunnel defects are encountered during construction.Therefore,it is of great significance to study the causes of the defects for the subsequent construction.In view of this,the investigation is carried out at the Friendship tunnel site to reveal construction defects and deeply study the disaster-causing factors by means of on-site sampling,indoor test,on-site monitoring and theoretical analysis,etc.It is found that lining cracks and excessive deformations are caused by water solubility and expansibility of salt rocks;tunnel collapse,cavity,corrosion and crystallization are caused by water solubility and corrosivity of salt rocks.Invert heave is caused by uneven settlement,salt recrystallization and rheology of weak surrounding rocks.Mechanical properties and water solubility of salt rocks,salt rock percentage,underground water composition and content in excavation section are main reasons for construction disasters of salt rock tunnel.Such combined measures as strengthening drainage,using multi-layer waterproofing structure,optimizing building materials,increasing structural corrosion resistance and implementing double-layer initial support and base replacement can be used as important measures for rapid and safe construction of salt rock tunnels.

关 键 词：盐岩地层 隧道施工 病害揭示 致灾因子 层次分析法 

分 类 号：U455.4[建筑科学—桥梁与隧道工程]