阿尔茨海默病发病机制及基于神经递质治疗的研究进展  

Research Progress in Pathogenesis and Neurotransmitter-based Therapy of Alzheimer′s Disease

作　　者：郭佳旗 魏颖鸿 张慧[1] 刘宁[1] 杨晶鑫 孔娟[1] GUO Jiaqi;WEI Yinghong;ZHANG Hui;LIU Ning;YANG Jingxin;KONG Juan(Department of Clinical Nutrition,Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University,Shenyang 110004,China)

机构地区：[1]中国医科大学附属盛京医院临床营养科,沈阳110004

出　　处：《医学综述》2021年第19期3761-3766,共6页Medical Recapitulate

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(82073545)。

摘　　要：阿尔茨海默病(AD)是一种好发于老年群体的神经退行性疾病,可导致记忆力下降、认知及语言功能退化等,严重影响患者的正常生活。AD主要的发病机制包括Tau蛋白过度磷酸化假说、淀粉样β蛋白沉积假说、胆碱能假说、载脂蛋白E假说、线粒体功能障碍与氧化应激假说等。目前用于治疗AD的药物包括乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制剂和N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸受体拮抗剂,但仅能缓解患者症状,暂无有效方法解决与AD有关的神经元受损问题,尚不能治愈或预防该病。因此,深入研究AD的发病机制,对AD的诊治具有重要意义。Alzheimer′s disease(AD)is a neurodegenerative disease that often occurs in the elderly population,which can lead to memory loss,cognitive and language deterioration etc.,seriously affecting the normal life of the patients.The main recognized pathogeneses include Tau protein hyperphosphorylation hypothesis,amyloidβdeposition hypothesis,cholinergic hypothesis,apolipoprotein E hypothesis,mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress hypothesis.Current drugs used for the treatment of AD include acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonists,which can only alleviate the symptoms.There is no effective method to solve the problem of neuronal damage related to AD,and there is no cure or prevention of the disease.Therefore,in-depth study of the pathogenesis is of great significance for the diagnosis and treatment of AD.

关 键 词：阿尔茨海默病 发病机制 乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制剂 谷氨酸受体拮抗剂 

分 类 号：R742[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]