基于叶绿体基因组的长梗秦艽、全萼秦艽物种DNA分子标记与鉴定  

Molecular markers based upon whole chloroplast genomes and identifying alpine Gentiana waltonii and G. lhassica(Gentianaceae)

作　　者：董博然 赵志礼[1] 倪梁红[1] 嘎务 刘铜华 DONG Bo-ran;ZHAO Zhi-li;NI Liang-hong;GAAWE Dorje;LIU Tong-hua(Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Shanghai 201203,China;Tibetan Traditional Medical College,Lhasa 850000,China;Beijing University of Chinese Medicine,Beijing 100029,China)

机构地区：[1]上海中医药大学,上海201203 [2]西藏藏医药大学,西藏拉萨850000 [3]北京中医药大学,北京100029

出　　处：《药学学报》2021年第9期2584-2591,共8页Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(82073959);国家自然科学基金面上项目(81173654);藏医药区域协同创新中心项目(2018XTCX005)。

摘　　要：藏药"解吉"为多来源品种之一,基原涉及龙胆科龙胆属(Gentiana)秦艽组(Sect. Cruciata)长梗秦艽Gentiana waltonii Burk.及全萼秦艽Gentiana lhassica Burk.等多种植物。在课题组前期民族植物学考察及品种整理基础上,本文首次分别测定两种基原植物的叶绿体全基因组序列,进而基于我国青藏高原产秦艽组10个物种的叶绿体全基因组数据筛选物种鉴定DNA分子标记,结果如下:(1)长梗秦艽叶绿体全基因组长度为148 705 bp,大单拷贝区(LSC)、小单拷贝区(SSC)分别为81 068 bp和17 029 bp,反向重复区(IR)为25 304 bp;(2)全萼秦艽全基因组长度为148 652 bp,大单拷贝区(LSC)、小单拷贝区(SSC)分别为80 997 bp和17 051 bp,反向重复区(IR)为25 302 bp;(3)分别注释叶绿体基因112个,其中78个编码蛋白基因(CDS:coding sequence)、30个tRNA基因、4个rRNA基因以及2个假基因(pseudogene:ψrps16,ψinf A);(4)构建的特异性引物PCR两步鉴定法可在秦艽组内将长梗秦艽、全萼秦艽有效鉴别。本工作可为长梗秦艽及全萼秦艽物种DNA分子鉴定、藏药"解吉"品质评价、高山濒危物种种质资源保护及龙胆科龙胆属系统发育分析等工作提供基础科学资料。As two original plants of Tibetan herb Jieji, Gentiana waltonii Burk. and Gentiana lhassica Burk.belong to Section Cruciata of Gentiana, Gentianaceae. Here, we report on whole chloroplast genome sequences in the alpine species, respectively, and the features of plastomes were investigated. The plastome of G. waltonii is148 705 bp long(148 652 bp in G. lhassica) and encodes 112 genes, including 78 protein-coding genes, 30 transfer RNA genes, and 4 ribosomal RNA genes. Two pseudogenes, namely ψrps16 and ψinf A, were found in plastomes.In addition, two novel loci were detected, and a species-specific polymerase chain reaction assay was developed for differentiating G. waltonii and G. lhassica from 10 alpine species in Section Cruciata. Gentiana. Our study provides basic data for identifying Tibetan herbs, alpine species conservation and molecular phylogenetic studies of Gentiana and Gentianaceae.

关 键 词：藏药 长梗秦艽 全萼秦艽 叶绿体基因组 分子标记 PCR鉴定法 

分 类 号：R931[医药卫生—生药学]