贵州遵义海龙屯遗址出土黄牛、家马等动物骨骼及生业意义  

The Faunal Remains of Domestic Cattle,Horse and Their Subsistence Significance Unearthed from the Hailongtun Site,Zunyi,Guizhou

作　　者：王运辅[1] 李飞[2] Wang Yunfu;Li Fei

机构地区：[1]重庆师范大学科技考古实验室 [2]贵州省博物馆

出　　处：《南方文物》2021年第4期173-182,共10页Cultural Relics in Southern China

基　　金：国家社科基金重点项目《海龙囤考古发掘资料的整理与综合研究》(批准号19AKG004)资助。

摘　　要：海龙囤遗址的"新王宫"以及铁柱、铜柱、西关等三关出土了较多数量的动物骨骼,以家马和黄牛为主,次为猪,并有很少量的麂、鹿、鸟等骨骼,其绝大多数应为播州土司的遗存,对于探索屯堡战时的经济形态具有重要的意义。骨骼观察测量和统计分析表明:海龙囤动物骨骼应该是某种应急性、临时性用途的产物。家马骨骼尺寸明显大于西南地区现生普通家马,很可能代表了播州地区饲养的良种"大马"。海龙囤主要以家马为役畜,以黄牛作肉用。At the New Palace and three passes called Tiezhu,Tongzhu and Xiguan of Hailongtun Site,Zunyi city,Guizhou province,China,a fairly large number of mammal bones have been unearthed,including domestic horses and yellow cattle mainly,some pigs,and slight amount of muntjacs,deers and birds.Most of these materials are in-ferred to be the remains of the local administrators of Bozhou area,possessing key significance to explore the fortress economy during warfare in Ming Dynasty.Observation,measurement and statistical analysis indicated that these re-mains should be the result of some emergency and temporary utilization,the horse bones should represent some kind of big horse raised in Bozhou area because of their much larger size than current domestic horses in Southwest Chi-na,and horses were used as draught animals while yellow cattle were mainly used for meat at this fortress during particular circumstances.

关 键 词：海龙屯遗址 黄牛 肉用 家马 役畜 

分 类 号：K878[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学] Q915[历史地理—历史学]