笼养密度对雪山鸡生产性能及盲肠微生物的影响  

Effects of Cage Density on Production Performance and Cecal Microorganism of Xueshan Chicken

作　　者：孔令琳[1] 王来娣[1] 白皓[2] 江勇 王志秀 王维 陈国宏[1] 戴网成 常国斌[1] KONG Linglin;WANG Laidi;BAI Hao;JIANG Yong;WANG Zhixiu;WANG Wei;CHEN Guohong;DAI Wangcheng;CHANG Guobin(College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China;Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture&Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education, Yangzhou 225009, China;Suyu Branch, Suqian Ecolovo Breeding and Poultry Co., Ltd., Suqian 223800, China;Tiancheng Livestock and Poultry Ecological Farm, Zhenjiang 212000, China)

机构地区：[1]扬州大学动物科学与技术学院,扬州225009 [2]教育部农业与农产品安全国际合作联合实验室,扬州225009 [3]宿迁益客种禽有限公司宿豫分公司,宿迁223800 [4]天成畜禽生态养殖场,镇江212000

出　　处：《畜牧兽医学报》2021年第10期2832-2841,共10页ACTA VETERINARIA ET ZOOTECHNICA SINICA

基　　金：省政策引导类计划(苏北科技专项)(SZ-SQ2019054);江苏省科技计划“一带一路”创新合作项目(BZ2019018);江苏省“333工程”培养资金资助项目(BRA2020077);扬州大学乡村振兴科研项目(XH2018416);江苏高校优势学科建设工程资助项目。

摘　　要：旨在探索笼养密度对雪山鸡生产性能、肉品质、福利指标及盲肠微生物的影响。本研究选用6周龄体重相近的健康雪山鸡母鸡180只,按单因素试验要求,设置高、中、低3组饲养密度进行后期笼养试验,每笼分别饲养4只、3只及2只,以此作为1个重复,每组20个重复,饲养至上市15周龄,屠宰,测定生产性能、屠宰性能及肉品质,并进行羽毛和步态评分、检测盲肠微生物菌群组成。结果表明:1)从11周龄到上市15周龄,低、中密度组雪山鸡体重显著高于高密度组(P<0.05),15周龄腹脂重和腹脂率,低密度组显著高于中密度组(P<0.05),且中密度组显著高于高密度组(P<0.05),其余屠宰性能指标差异均不显著(P>0.05)。2)中、低密度组鸡只羽毛质量显著好于高密度组(P<0.05),此外,高、中、低密度组的雪山鸡步态评分差异不显著(P>0.05)。3)雪山鸡盲肠内容物均以Firmicutes(厚壁菌门)、Proteobacteria(变形菌门)、Bacteroidetes(拟杆菌门)的菌群为主。3种饲养密度菌群差异不显著(P>0.05),但中密度饲养模式下肉鸡盲肠内容物中特有OTUs较少,相对于高密度盲肠微生物区系而言,中、低密度盲肠微生物群落更趋于相近,有些差异菌群可能与体重及腹脂沉积相关,如Blautia菌属等。综合看来,对于雪山鸡而言,考虑采用中密度饲养模式能够获得较好的生产性能。This experiment was conducted to study the effect of cage density on the production performance,meat quality,welfare index and cecal microorganisms of Xueshan chickens.Totally,1806-week-old Xueshan female chickens with similar body weight were randomly selected into high-density,middle-density and low-density rearing system equally with 20 replicates,and 4,3 or 2 birds in each cage as a replicate.And the production performance,slaughter performance,meat quality,feathers and gait score,and the cecal microflora composition were detected at the market age of 15-week-old.The results showed that:1)The body weight of chickens in the low-and middle-density group were significantly higher than those in the high-density group from the age of 11-to 15-week-old(P<0.05).The abdominal fat weight and abdominal fat percentage of 15-week-old chickens in the low-density group were significantly higher than those in the mid-dle-density group(P<0.05),and the abdominal fat indexes in middle-density were significantly higher than those in high-density group(P<0.05).No significant difference were found in the other slaughter indexes(P>0.05).2)The feather quality of chickens in the middle-and low-density groups were significantly better than that in the high-density group(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in gait score among three groups(P>0.05).3)Bacteroidetes,Firmicutes,and Proteobacteria were 3 dominant flora in cecum.And there was no significant diffe-rence in intestinal flora among 3 groups(P>0.05).However,chickens in the middle-density group exhibited less unique OTUs in cecum.Compared with the high density cecal microflora,the middle-and low-density cecal microflora were more similar.The proportion of Firmicutes and Bacterioidetes might be related to body weight.In general,these findings may provide a reliable information for considering the selection of middle-density for female Xueshan broilers can get better production performance.

关 键 词：雪山鸡 饲养密度 生产性能 肉品质 羽毛 步态 盲肠微生物 

分 类 号：S831.4[农业科学—畜牧学]