基础化学教学中科学理解“化学平衡常数”的几点看法  

Some Arguments on Understanding of Chemical Equilibrium Constants in Basic Chemistry Teaching

作　　者：余金花[1] 方文军[2] 厉刚[2] YU Jin-Hua;FANG Wen-Jun;LI Gang(Hangzhou Xuejun High School,Hangzhou 310012,China;Department of Chemistry,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310027,China)

机构地区：[1]杭州学军中学,浙江杭州310012 [2]浙江大学化学系,浙江杭州310027

出　　处：《化学教育（中英文）》2021年第19期102-105,共4页Chinese Journal of Chemical Education

摘　　要：在高中化学和大学普通化学等基础化学教学中,常常基于化学反应速率引入经验平衡常数,也有基于热力学理论引入标准平衡常数。经验平衡常数比较具体、形象,标准平衡常数比较抽象,但2者本质是一致的。经验平衡常数因存在多种形式及量纲等问题,相对复杂;标准平衡常数严格、规整,数值唯一,具有"大道至简"的特征。建议在教学中更多地从热力学角度来理解、概括化学平衡和平衡常数,在定量计算中尽可能统一使用标准平衡常数。In basic chemistry teaching for high school chemistry and university general chemistry, the introduction of empirical equilibrium constant based on the chemical reaction rate and the introduction of standard equilibrium constant based on the chemical thermodynamics are two common approaches. These two kinds of equilibrium constants are essentially the same though the former is usually specific and vivid, and the latter is a bit abstract to the students. However, the empirical equilibrium constant is relatively complicated because of its various forms and different dimensions. The standard equilibrium constant is strict, regular and unique, and it reflects that great truths are always simple. It is suggested to understand and summarize chemical equilibrium and equilibrium constant more from the chemical thermodynamics in teaching, and to use standard equilibrium constant as uniformly as possible in quantitative calculations.

关 键 词：化学平衡 经验平衡常数 标准平衡常数 

分 类 号：O642.43-4[理学—物理化学] G633.8[理学—化学]