不同施肥方式下氯吡脲对藤稔葡萄生长和品质的影响  

Effects of forchlorfenuron on growth and quality of Fujiminori grape under different fertilizer applications

作　　者：宋雯[1] 王强[1] 张佳 柳采秀 张楠 陈丽萍[1] 聂东兴 姚海利 苍涛[1] SONG Wen;WANG Qiang;ZHANG Jia;LIU Caixiu;ZHANG Nan;CHEN Liping;NIE Dongxing;YAO Haili;CANG Tao(Institute of Agro-Product Safety and Nutrition,Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Risk Assessment Lab for Agricultural Products(Hangzhou),Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Detection for Pesticide Residues and Control,Hangzhou 310021,China;Institute for the Control of Agrochemicals,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Beijing 100125,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江省农业科学院农产品质量安全与营养研究所/农业农村部农产品质量安全风险评估实验室(杭州)/浙江省农药残留检测与控制研究重点实验室,浙江杭州310021 [2]农业农村部农药检定所,北京100125

出　　处：《浙江农业学报》2021年第10期1879-1888,共10页Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2019YFC1605600);国家农产品质量安全风险评估项目(GJFP2019039);国家自然科学基金青年项目(31401780)。

摘　　要：为探究不同施肥方式下氯吡脲对葡萄生长和品质的影响,以藤稔葡萄为材料,采用二因素(施肥方式、氯吡脲剂量)随机区组设计,评价不同处理对葡萄生长、产量、品质和残留等的影响。结果表明,施肥和使用氯吡脲均能使葡萄果实显著膨大,增加百粒重和穗质量,高浓度氯吡脲(50mg·kg^(-1))对藤稔葡萄的增产作用有限。施肥可显著影响葡萄大小粒指数。氯吡脲用量显著影响穗梗直径和穗梗木栓化程度,肥料充足处理下的穗梗木栓化程度轻于无肥料处理。葡萄品质同时受施肥方式和氯吡脲用量的影响,高浓度氯吡脲处理下,肥料供给充足时,糖酸比在所有处理中最低;在无肥料供给时,可溶性固形物和总黄酮含量最低。所有处理采收期均未检出氯吡脲残留。雷达图综合分析结果表明,氯吡脲用量为10 mg·kg^(-1)和20 mg·kg^(-1),配合充足的肥料,藤稔葡萄生长、产量和品质等较好,且各指标的均衡性最佳。说明藤稔葡萄生产上可以使用氯吡脲膨果,但宜在肥料充足的条件下使用,且不可随意加大用量。This study investigated effects of forchlorfenuron on growth and quality of Fujiminori grape under different fertilizer applications to explore the preferable treatment.A two-factor randomized block design with three replications was employed.The factors were fertilizer applications and forchlorfenuron concentrations.The results showed that fertilization and forchlorfenuron had significant effects on berry size,100-berry weight and bunch weight of Fujiminori grape.Nevertheless,high concentration of forchlorfenuron(50 mg·kg^(-1))was of limited effect on yield components.Fertilizer application was the main factor increasing the grain size uniformity index.Meanwhile,forchlorfenuron concentrations had the main effect on the stem diameter and stem suberization index,but adequate fertilizers could alleviate the side effect of stem suberization.Both fertilizer and forchlorfenuron could significantly affect fruit quality of Fujiminori grape.Under 50 mg·kg^(-1)forchlorfenuron treatment,the lowest ratio of sugar to acid was observed in the adequate fertilizer application;the lowest contents of soluble solids and total flavonoids were detected in the no fertilizer application.When Fujiminori grape berries were ripe,the forchlorfenuron residue of grape berries of all the treatments decreased to below the detection limit.The radar chart was drawn with six representative evaluating indicators after dimensionless processed,which showed that treatments of 10 mg·kg^(-1)and 20 mg·kg^(-1)forchlorfenuron based on adequate fertilizer had the strong advantages in grape growth,yield and quality,and their indices were in a good equilibrium.This study indicated that the adequate fertilizer application was more effective than using forchlorfenuron only in grape production.In addition,the applied forchlorfenuron dosage exceeding the maximum registered dosage was not recommended.

关 键 词：氯吡脲 肥料 藤稔葡萄 木栓化 糖酸比 

分 类 号：S965.125[农业科学—水产养殖]