1970—2020年昌吉地区日照时数时空变化特征分析  

Spatio-temporal Variation Characteristics of Sunshine Hours in Changji Area During 1970-2020

作　　者：叶尔克江·霍依哈孜 黄健[2] 王森 阿帕尔·肉孜 Erkejan Hoyhazi;HUANG Jian;WANG Sen;Apar Ruzi(Changji Meteorological Bureau,Changji 831100,China;Institue of Desert Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration,Urumqi 830002,China;Xinjiang Agro-meteorological Observatory,Urumqi 830002,China)

机构地区：[1]昌吉州气象局,新疆昌吉831100 [2]中国气象局乌鲁木齐沙漠气象研究所,新疆乌鲁木齐830002 [3]新疆农业气象台,新疆乌鲁木齐830002

出　　处：《沙漠与绿洲气象》2021年第5期78-85,共8页Desert and Oasis Meteorology

基　　金：国家自然基金(41875023);中央级公益性科研所基本科研业务费(IDM2021001);中国气象局创新发展专项(CXF22021J044);国家基金项目(41775109);昌吉州科技项目(2020S03)。

摘　　要：基于昌吉地区10个气象站点1970—2020年的气象观测数据,运用气候倾向率、5 a滑动平均趋势分析、M-K检验、Pearson相关分析以及ArcGIS10.7环境下的反距离加权(IDW)插值法探究昌吉地区日照时数时空变化规律及影响因素。结果表明:昌吉地区日照时数多年平均值为2840.3 h,空间分布特征为“东部多、中西部少,山区多、平原少”;1970—2020年昌吉地区年平均日照时数呈显著减少趋势,其速率为-62.8 h/10 a;日照时数夏季最高,其次是春季和秋季,冬季最低;下降速率冬季最快,其次是秋季和夏季,春季变化幅度最小;日照时数年内变化呈现双峰型,最大值出现在5、7、8月,最小值出现在12月,1—12月日照时数均呈减少趋势,1月减少最为明显,12月次之。昌吉地区年日照时数在1987年发生了突变;日照时数与水汽压、雾日数呈显著负相关,与大风日数、扬沙日数呈显著正相关。水汽压、雾日数的增加和大风日数减少是日照时数减少的主要原因。Based on the meteorological observation data of 10 meteorological stations in Changji area from 1970 to 2020,the spatio-temporal variation law and influencing factors of sunshine hours in Changji area were studied by using climate tendency,5-year moving average trend analysis,MK test,Pearson correlation analysis and inverse distance weighted(IDW)interpolation method under Arcgis10.7 environment.The results show that the average sunshine hours in Changji area was 2840.3 hours,and spatially,there was more sunshine hours in the east,less in the middle and west,more in mountains and less in plains,and the rate was-62.8 h/10 a.In terms of season,sunshine hours were the highest in summer,followed by spring and autumn,and the lowest in winter.The decline rate was the fastest in winter,followed by autumn and summer,and the smallest in spring.The maximum value appeared in May,July and August,and the minimum value appeared in December.The sunshine hours from January to December showed a decreasing trend,and the decrease was most obvious in January,followed by December.The annual sunshine hours in Changji area changed abruptly in 1987.In terms of influencing factors,sunshine hours were negatively correlated with water pressure and fog days,and positively correlated with gale days and sand days,which indicated that the main reasons for the decrease of sunshine hours were the increase of water pressure and fog days and the decrease of gale days.

关 键 词：昌吉 日照时数 突变 反距离权重插值 Pearson相关 

分 类 号：P468.027[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]