不同高海拔对甘蓝型油菜种子含油量及其农艺性状的影响  

Effect of Different High Altitudes on the Seed Oil Content and Agronomic Traits of Brassica napus L.

作　　者：杨加虎 汪骞[2] 张传利 柏云会 张玉松 李德元 赏海昆 林良斌[1] YANG Jiahu;WANG Qian;ZHANG Chuanli;BAI Yunhui;ZHANG Yusong;LI Deyuan;SHANG Haikun;LIN Liangbin(College of Agronomy and Biotechnology,Yunnan Agricultural University,Kunming 650201,China;Institute of Horticultural Crops,Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Kunming 650201,China;College of Tropical Crops,Yunnan Agricultural University,Pu'er 665000,China;Agricultural and Rural Comprehensive Service Center of Manlai Town,Yuanjiang County,Yuxi City,Yuanjiang 653301,China)

机构地区：[1]云南农业大学农学与生物技术学院,云南昆明650201 [2]云南省农业科学院园艺作物研究所,云南昆明650201 [3]云南农业大学热带作物学院,云南普洱665000 [4]玉溪市元江县曼来镇农业农村综合服务中心,云南元江653301

出　　处：《云南农业大学学报（自然科学版）》2021年第5期762-767,共6页Journal of Yunnan Agricultural University:Natural Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31960384)。

摘　　要：【目的】探讨不同高海拔对甘蓝型油菜主要农艺性状和含油量的影响,为高海拔地区的油菜栽培与育种提供理论依据。【方法】以4个不同含油量的甘蓝型油菜DH系为供试材料,在1 600、1 800、2 000、2 200和2 400 m等5个高海拔下进行盆栽试验,并对4个品系的农艺性状以及含油量进行测定。【结果】一定海拔梯度范围内(1 600~2 200 m),油菜株高、一次分枝数、单株有效角果数和单株产量均呈增加趋势;到海拔2 400 m时,各农艺性状均显著降低(P<0.05)。随海拔升高,各品系的每角粒数呈逐渐减少的趋势,海拔2 400 m时均大幅度降低(DH0216例外);生育期、角果成熟期、千粒质量和含油量随海拔升高呈逐渐增加的趋势。相关性分析表明:在高海拔下,油菜单株产量与株高、一次分枝数、单株有效角果数、千粒质量和每角粒数均呈显著或极显著正相关(P<0.05或P<0.01);含油量与海拔和角果成熟期呈显著正相关(P<0.05),与生育期呈极显著正相关(P<0.01)。【结论】甘蓝型油菜较适宜种植于海拔2 200 m以下,高海拔推广甘蓝型油菜品种应具有早熟或极早熟的特性。[Purpose]To explore the effect of different high altitudes on the main agronomic traits and oil content of Brassica napus, and to provide the theoretical basis for cultivation and breeding of B. napus in the high altitude area.[Methods]Four DH lines of B. napus with different oil content were used as test materials, the pot experiment was conducted under the five high altitude of 1 600, 1 800,2 000, 2 200 and 2 400 m and four lines of agronomic traits and oil content were tested.[Results]In a certain altitude gradient range(1 600-2 200 m), B. napus plant height, primary number of branches,number of effective pods per plant and yield per plant showed an increasing trend;when it reached an altitude of 2 400 m, the agronomic traits all decreased significantly(P<0.05). The number of seeds per pod gradually decreased with the altitude increasing, and all decreased significantly at an altitude of 2 400 m(except for DH0216)(P<0.05);the growth period, maturity stage of pod, 1 000-grain weight and oil content showed a gradual increase trend with the altitude. Correlation analysis showed that at high altitude, the yield of B. napus plant was significantly or extremely significantly positively correlated with plant or ectremely significantly height, primary number of branches, number of effective pods per plant, 1 000-grain weight, and number of seeds per pod(P<0.05 or P<0.01);the oil content were significantly positively correlated with altitude and mature stage of pod(P<0.05), and extremely significantly positively correlated with growth stage(P<0.01).[ Conclusion] The better suitable planting altitude range of B. napus is below 2 200 m, and the popularized B. napus at high altitude should have the characteristics of early maturity and extremely early maturity.

关 键 词：甘蓝型油菜 含油量 高海拔 农艺性状 产量构成 

分 类 号：S565.401[农业科学—作物学]