迪庆藏猪与野猪×迪庆藏猪生长、胴体及肉质性能比较  

Comparison of Growth,Carcass and Meat Quality Traits between Diqing Tibetan Pig and Wild Boar×Diqing Tibetan Pig

作　　者：聂靖茹 马黎[3] 鲁绍雄[1,2] 邓俊 李金恬 王琳 严达伟 董新星[1] NIE Jingru;MA Li;LU Shaoxiong;DENG Jun;LI Jintian;WANG Lin;YAN Dawei;DONG Xinxing(Faculty of Animal Science and Technology,Yunnan Agricultural University,Kunming 650201,China;Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Yunnan Province,Kunming 650201,China;Department of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine,Yunnan Vocational and Technical College of Agriculture,Kunming 650212,China;Yunnan Animal Husbandry Station,Kunming 650224,China)

机构地区：[1]云南农业大学动物科学技术学院,云南昆明650201 [2]云南省动物营养与饲料重点实验室,云南昆明650201 [3]云南农业职业技术学院畜牧兽医学院,云南昆明650212 [4]云南省畜牧总站,云南昆明650224

出　　处：《云南农业大学学报（自然科学版）》2021年第5期805-810,共6页Journal of Yunnan Agricultural University:Natural Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0501200);云南省重点研发计划项目(2018BB003);云南省现代农业生猪产业技术体系建设项目(2019KJTX0013)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究迪庆藏猪与野猪×迪庆藏猪(野藏杂交猪)生长、胴体及肉质性状的差异,为迪庆藏猪的开发利用提供依据。【方法】选择胎次相同、出生日期相近、体质量约20 kg的迪庆藏猪及野藏杂交猪各12头进行育肥试验,体质量约60 kg时屠宰,比较其生长、胴体、体组分及肌肉品质。【结果】野藏杂交猪平均日增质量[(316±39)g]显著高于迪庆藏猪[(273±43)g](P<0.05);屠宰率[(71.93±4.86)%]、骨率[(9.44±0.94)%]和瘦肉率[(50.43±2.25)%]分别比迪庆藏猪高8.94%(P<0.05)、18.74%(P<0.01)和15.59%(P<0.05),肥肉率[(30.33±3.19)%]、花油率[(2.48±0.63)%]和板油率[(4.46±0.24%)]分别比迪庆藏猪低21.30%、52.31%和41.78%(P<0.01);肌肉水分含量[(73.99±2.79)%]极显著高于迪庆藏猪[(69.14±2.65)%](P<0.01),干物质含量[(26.01±2.79)%]和粗蛋白含量[(21.35±2.38)%]极显著低于迪庆藏猪[(31.92±2.98)%和(24.89±2.14)%](P<0.01);肉色评分(3.81±0.26)显著高于迪庆藏猪(3.46±0.32)(P<0.05),大理石纹评分(1.88±0.23)和熟肉率[(61.30±1.96)%]显著低于迪庆藏猪[3.42±0.49、(65.37±1.54)%](P<0.01、P<0.05),其他肉质指标与迪庆藏猪差异不显著(P>0.05)。【结论】与野猪杂交可提高迪庆藏猪生长速度、胴体骨率和瘦肉率,降低胴体肥肉率、花油率和板油率,且产肉性能优于迪庆藏猪,但是肌肉水分含量升高,干物质含量和蛋白质含量降低,肌肉大理石纹降低,野藏杂交猪肌肉的营养价值及食用品质不如迪庆藏猪。[Purpose]The difference of growth,carcass and meat quality traits between Diqing Tibetan pig(TP)and wild boar×Diqing Tibetan pig(WT)were studied in order to provide basis for the development and utilization of TP.[Method]Twelve TPs and twelve WTs with the same parity,similar birth date and about 20 kg weight were selected for fattening experiment and slaughtered at 60 kg to compare the growth characteristic,carcass performance,body composition and muscle quality.[Result]The average daily gain(ADG)[(316±39)g]of WTs was significantly higher than that of TPs[(273±43)g](P<0.05).The dressing ratio[(71.93±4.86)%],bone ratio[(9.44±0.94)%]and lean meat ratio[(50.43±2.25)%]were 8.94%(P<0.05),18.74%(P<0.01)and 15.59%(P<0.05)higher than those of TPs,respectively.The fat ratio[(30.33±3.19)%],ratio of visceral fat[(2.48±0.63)%]and abdominal fat[(4.46±0.24)%]were 21.30%,52.31%and 41.78%(P<0.01)lower than those of TPs,respectively.The muscle moisture content[(73.99±2.79)%]of WTs was higher than that of TPs[(69.14±2.65)%]significantly(P<0.01).And dry matter content[(26.01±2.79)%]and crude protein content[(21.35±2.38)%]were significant lower than those of TPs[(31.92±2.98)%,(24.89±2.14%)](P<0.01),respectively.The meat color score(3.81±0.26)was higher than that of TPs(3.46±0.32)(P<0.05),marbling score(1.88±0.23)and cooked meat ratio[(61.30±1.96)%]were lower than those of TPs[3.42±0.49 and(65.37±1.54)%](P<0.01,P<0.05),respectively.There was no difference in other meat quality indexes between WTs and TPs(P>0.05).[Conclusion]Crossbreeding with wild boar could increased the growth velocity,bone ratio and lean meat ratio,and reduce fat ratio,ratio of visceral fat and abdominal fat of TP.The meat production performance of WT was higher than that of TP,but the moisture content increased,the dry matter content,crude protein content and marbling score decreased.As a result,the nutritional value and eating quality of muscle of WT were not as good as that of TP.

关 键 词：迪庆藏猪 野藏杂交猪 生长 胴体 肉质 肌肉化学成分 

分 类 号：S828.1[农业科学—畜牧学]