越野滑雪运动经济性影响因素研究综述  

Influencing Factors of Cross-country Skiing Economy:A Review of the Literature

作　　者：焦怡然 刘卉[1] 李翰君[1] JIAO Yiran;LIU Hui;LI Hanjun(Beijing Sport University,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]北京体育大学,北京100084

出　　处：《中国体育科技》2021年第10期20-25,共6页China Sport Science and Technology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划“科技冬奥”重点专项(2018YFF0300404);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助课题(校2020029)。

摘　　要：越野滑雪项目中运动员滑雪经济性越好,越易取得好的成绩。本文回顾并总结近年来国内外关于越野滑雪经济性影响因素的研究,发现技术类型与特定地形的匹配、滑雪动作周期特征、装备等是影响越野滑雪经济性的重要因素,滑雪的周期特征可能是影响运动经济性的直接因素。在水平地形选择使用同时推进技术滑行,有利于减少耗氧量;比赛或训练中,增加滑行周期的长度、回杆时间、支撑期冲量,减小质心在垂直方向的运动,增大身体前倾角,利用力量训练提高上肢输出功率,以及使用长杆(长于自选杆)等方法,也可改善滑雪经济性。实验环境等客观条件可能对结果产生影响,性别、年龄等个体差异对经济性的影响尚不确定。In general,the athletes with outstanding skiing economy are likely to perform better in cross-country skiing.The purpose of this literature review is to summarize the factors of economy in cross-country skiing from studies at home and abroad.The economy of cross-country skiing intimately links to techniques with specific terrain,kinematical characteristics,as well as equipment.For instance,using DP in the horizontal terrain,longer length of cycle,greater propulsive impulse,and longer recovery time in one cycle tend to cause an economical skiing.Less vertical displacement of the center of mass,and more obvious body forward inclination,greater output power of upper limbs through strength training,as well as longer poles compared to self-selected poles also contribute to less oxygen cost.It is noteworthy that kinematics of cycle plays a direct role in ameliorating skiing economy.Furthermore,experimental environment and conditions may also have influence on skiing economy.However,it’s unclear about the impact of age and gender on economy.

关 键 词：越野滑雪 滑雪技术 滑雪经济性 生物力学 摄氧量 

分 类 号：G863.1[文化科学—体育训练]