资源、框架和网络:身心障碍类自组织研究——基于台湾地区5个身心障碍自组织个案  

Resources,Framework and Network:A Research on Self-Organization of Disability:Based on Five Self-organized Cases of Physical and Mental Disorders in Taiwan

作　　者：高和荣[1,2] 柳小琴 Gao Herong;Liu Xiaoqin

机构地区：[1]厦门大学公共事务学院 [2]厦门大学台湾研究院,福建厦门361005

出　　处：《台湾研究集刊》2021年第5期48-58,共11页Taiwan Research Journal

基　　金：教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目“新时代提高和保障改善民生水平研究”(18JZ043)。

摘　　要：对我国台湾地区5个身心障碍自组织个案研究发现,身心障碍自组织领导主要有自组织内部精英、外部精英以及官员或企业代表等三种类型,自组织资源来源于当局福利支出、公益彩券的经费划拨、企业或个人的捐赠等。自组织推行使用者付费理念,并善于利用网络动员,注重身心障碍者安全性。不过,自组织发展也面临一些困境,特别是因自组织领导者变更而引发的资源变动,以及受活动安全性、体验性,特别是社会偏见等因素影响,组织动员的难度随之提升。借鉴台湾地区的身心障碍自组织发展经验,从两岸社会融合角度出发,加快推进大陆地区社会组织立法,广泛吸纳政府、市场、组织、家庭乃至网络的资源,注重培育具有“自发性”特质的残障类组织,动员和吸纳残障人士的参与,减少社会偏见,避免他者质疑及其负向心理的阐释。同时,可进一步深化推进两岸残障组织的交往交流,搭建起两岸残障群体共认共享的知识谱系及行为模式。Based on the five self-organized cases of physical and mental disorders in Taiwan,it is found that the selforganization leaders mainly include its internal elites,external elites and representatives of officials or enterprises,while the self-organization resources come from the government welfare expenditures,the fund allocation of public welfare lottery tickets and the donations of enterprises or individuals,etc.This type of self-organization promotes the idea of user payment,and is good at using the network for mobilization and pay attention to the safety of people with physical and mental disabilities.However,the development of self-organization also faces some difficulties,especially the resource changes caused by the change of self-organization leaders,and the increase of the difficulty of organizational mobilization due to the influence of the factors such as activity safety,experience,especially social prejudice.Nevertheless,its development experience in Taiwan can be used for reference.Therefore,from the perspective of the cross-Strait social integration,it is necessary that we should accelerate legislation of social organizations in the mainland,widely absorb the resources of the government,the market,organizations,families and even the network,focus on cultivating disable organizations with“spontaneous”characteristics,mobilize and absorb the participation of disable people,and reduce social labels so as to avoid other doubts and negative psychological interpretations.At the same time,the exchanges between disabled organizations on both sides of the Strait should be further deepened,and a common knowledge pedigree and behavior model shared by the cross-Strait disabled groups be built up.

关 键 词：资源 网络 自组织 身心障碍 

分 类 号：D669.69[政治法律—政治学]