山东近海春季口虾蛄空间分布与关键环境因子及生物学特性的关系  

Spatial distribution of spring Oratosquilla oratoria in Shandong offshore and the relationships with environmental factors and biological characteristics

作　　者：李鹏程 张崇良[1,2] 任一平[1,2,3] 徐宾铎 薛莹[1,2] LI Pengcheng;ZHANG Chongliang;REN Yiping;XU Binduo;XUE Ying(College of Fisheries,Ocean University of China,Qingdao 266003,China;Field Observation and Research Station of Haizhou Bay Fishery Ecosystem,Ministry of Education,Qingdao 266003,China;Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes,Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(Qingdao),Qingdao 266237,China)

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学水产学院,山东青岛266003 [2]海州湾渔业生态系统教育部野外观测研究站,山东青岛266003 [3]青岛海洋科学与技术试点国家实验室,海洋渔业科学与食物产出过程功能实验室,山东青岛266237

出　　处：《中国水产科学》2021年第9期1184-1194,共11页Journal of Fishery Sciences of China

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0900906);国家自然科学基金项目(31802301).

摘　　要：性别和年龄等生物学特征对口虾蛄(Oratosquilla oratoria)栖息地分布有重要影响。为探究口虾蛄空间分布与关键环境因子及生物学特性的关系,本研究基于2017年5月山东近海底拖网调查数据,对获得的口虾蛄样品依据性别和年龄划分,将雌、雄和当年、非当年生口虾蛄相对生物量作为响应变量,利用BP神经网络模型研究口虾蛄的栖息地分布特征,分析不同性别、年龄口虾蛄空间分布和关键环境因子的关系。结果表明,春季雌、雄口虾蛄分布无明显差异,均分布于近岸海域;当年生口虾蛄在各调查站位均匀分布,而非当年生口虾蛄更趋向于近岸集中分布。通过逐步法筛选出经度、表层温度、表层盐度和水深为关键环境因子,对口虾蛄相对生物量有显著影响。雌雄口虾蛄适宜栖息环境存在性别差异,其中在经度120.5°E~121.5°E范围内,雌性口虾蛄的适宜性高于雄性,且对盐度的适宜性相对较高;对低温和水深的适应范围雄性较雌性更好。非当年生口虾蛄对关键环境因子的变化更为敏感,其中当年生对低经度的适宜性高于非当年生口虾蛄,而对较高经度和较浅水深的适宜性较差。本研究通过对不同性别和年龄间的空间分布和关键环境因子的适宜性进行比较、分析,揭示了除环境因素外口虾蛄自身生物学特征对其栖息地和资源量的影响,旨为山东近海口虾蛄栖息地的保护和资源的合理利用提供参考。Gender and age are important biological characteristics of Oratosquilla oratoria,and may affect the habitat distribution and the responses to crucial environmental factors.In order to study the role of these biological characteristics in influencing its spatial distribution and the relationships with environmental factors,we developed the BP neural network models to predict the distribution of O.oratoria based on the data collected from the Shandong offshore trawl survey in May 2017.The samples of O.oratoria were classified according to their gender and age,and the relative biomass of females/males and individuals of current/non-current year were used as the response variables in the model to compare the differences in spatial distribution and environmental adaptability of different genders and ages.The results showed that both female and male O.oratorias were mainly distributed in the coastal waters in spring.Meanwhile,the current-year individuals tended to be evenly distributed among survey stations,whereas the non-current individuals tended to concentrate nearshore.Longitude,surface temperature,surface salinity and water depth were selected as the key environmental factors that had important effects on relative biomass of O.oratorias,according to the stepwise selection method.The relative biomass of female O.oratorias is higher than that of male,within the longitude range of 120.5°E–121.5°E and within the range of high water salinity;meanwhile,relatively low temperature and water depth favored male more than female.At the same time,the non-current-year individuals were more suitable to the changes of key environmental factors.The current-year individuals were more suitable to the low longitude than the non-current-year individuals,but were poorly suited to higher longitude and shallow water depth.We compared the differences of spatial distribution among genders and ages,and analyzed the suitability of environmental factors and the impact of biological characteristics of O.oratorias,in order to provide refe

关 键 词：口虾蛄 BP模型 性别 年龄 关键环境因子适宜性 

分 类 号：S931[农业科学—渔业资源]