松嫩平原芦苇湿地退化与修复过程中土壤细菌和甲烷代谢微生物的群落结构  

Microbial Community Structure of Soil Methanogens and Methanotrophs During Degradation and Restoration of Reed Wetlands in the Songnen Plain

作　　者：王秋颖 王娜 刘颖[1,3] 陈功 何辉 高婕 庄绪亮[1,2] 庄国强 WANG Qiu-ying;WANG Na;LIU Ying;CHEN Gong;HE Hui;GAO Jie;ZHUANG Xu-liang;ZHUANG Guo-qiang(Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology,Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100085,China;College of Resources and Environment,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 101408,China;School of Life Sciences,University of Science and Technology of China,Hefei 230026,China;School of Water Resources and Environment,China University of Geosciences,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院生态环境研究中心环境生物技术重点实验室,北京100085 [2]中国科学院大学资源与环境学院,北京101408 [3]中国科学技术大学生命科学学院,合肥230026 [4]中国地质大学水资源与环境学院,北京100083

出　　处：《环境科学》2021年第10期4968-4976,共9页Environmental Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0500401,2017YFC0505803-01)。

摘　　要：湿地是全球CH4重要的源与汇.受人为活动和气候条件影响,我国湿地退化严重,相关部门近年来已逐步开展湿地生态修复的工作.为研究湿地退化与修复过程中细菌和甲烷代谢微生物群落结构的响应,以松嫩平原芦苇湿地为研究对象,采集原始未退化芦苇湿地土壤、退化的和正在修复的芦苇湿地土壤,采用基于细菌16S rRNA基因、产甲烷菌mcrA基因和甲烷氧化菌pmoA基因的高通量测序技术研究细菌和甲烷代谢微生物的多样性和群落组成.结果表明,芦苇湿地退化导致土壤细菌和产甲烷菌的α多样性降低,甲烷氧化菌的α多样性升高,而细菌和产甲烷菌的α多样性与土壤含水率呈显著正相关关系,含水率越高的湿地土壤产甲烷菌的多样性也越高.原始未退化芦苇湿地土壤中细菌Rhizobiales和产甲烷菌Methanobacteriaceae的相对丰度较高;湿地退化导致根际促生菌Rhizobiales的相对丰度下降,致病菌Burkholderiaceae、耐污染细菌Sphingomonas、抗辐射细菌Rubrobacter以及TypeⅠ型耐受极端环境的甲烷好氧氧化菌Methylobacter、Methylomonas和Methylococcus的相对丰度上升;正在修复的芦苇湿地土壤中细菌Bacillus和产甲烷菌Methanosarcinaceae、Methanomicrobiaceae以及TypeⅡ型甲烷好氧氧化菌Methylocystis的相对丰度较高.因此,不同的芦苇湿地状态可以间接改变土壤性状进而改变湿地甲烷代谢菌群落结构.Wetlands are an important global source and sink of methane.However,human activities and climatic conditions are causing serious degradation of wetlands in China.In response to this,the relevant departments have progressively carried out wetland restoration projects over the past few years.To investigate the response of microbial communities of bacteria,methanogens,and methanotrophs during degradation and restoration of wetlands,soil samples were collected from undegraded reed wetlands,degraded reed wetlands,and restored reed wetlands in the Songnen Plain.Microbial diversity and community composition were studied by high-throughput sequencing based on the 16 S rRNA gene of bacteria,the mcrA gene of methanogens,and the pmoA gene of methanotrophs.The results indicate that the degradation of reed wetlands results in a decrease in bacterial and methanogenicα-diversity and an increase in methanotrophicα-diversity.Bacterialα-diversity and methanogenicα-diversity were both significantly positively correlated with soil water content.At different taxonomic levels,higher relative abundances of Rhizobiales and Methanobacteriaceae were detected in the undegraded wetland soils.Wetland degradation decreased the relative abundance of Rhizobiales but increased that of the pathogenic bacteria Burkholderiaceae and microorganisms resistant to harsh and extreme environments including Sphingomonas,Rubrobacter,Methylobacter,Methylomonas,and Methylococcus.In the restored wetland soils,the relative abundances of Bacillus,Methanosarcinaceae,Methanomicrobiaceae,and the typeⅡmethanotroph Methylocystis were higher.Therefore,different wetland conditions can indirectly change soil properties and,consequently,change the community structure of methanogens and methanotrophs.

关 键 词：湿地 退化 修复 甲烷代谢微生物 细菌群落结构 

分 类 号：X172[环境科学与工程—环境科学]