父母养育方式和生活事件对儿童青少年情绪行为问题影响的调查  

A survey on the influence of parenting style and life events on emotional and behavioral problems in children and adolescents

作　　者：杨杨 戚艳杰 陈旭 何凡 张之霞 周玉明 郑毅 Yang Yang;Qi Yanjie;Chen Xu;He Fan;Zhang Zhixia;Zhou Yuming;Zheng Yi(The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders,Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment for Mental Disorders,Beijing Anding Hospital,Capital Medical University Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection,Capital Medical University,Beijing 100088,China)

机构地区：[1]首都医科大学附属北京安定医院,国家精神心理疾病临床医学研究中心,精神疾病诊断与治疗北京市重点实验室,首都医科大学人脑保护高精尖创新中心,100088

出　　处：《中华精神科杂志》2021年第5期374-380,共7页Chinese Journal of Psychiatry

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC1306100);国家科技支撑计划项目(2012BAI01B02)。

摘　　要：目的了解父母养育方式和生活事件对儿童青少年情绪行为问题的影响。方法采用Achenbach儿童行为量表(Achenbach′s Child Behavior Checklist,CBCL)、父母养育方式评价量表(Egma Minnen av Bardndosnauppforstran,EMBU)和青少年生活事件量表(Adolescent Self-Rating Life Events Check List,ASLEC)对北京420名儿童青少年进行情绪行为问题、父母养育方式以及生活应激事件的调查分析,运用Logistic回归分析父母养育方式和生活事件与情绪行为问题各因子的相关性。结果420名被调查的儿童青少年中,男孩主要有交往不良(9/44,20.5%)、分裂样(7/44,15.9%)和强迫性(51/124,41.1%)问题;女孩主要有抑郁(63/98,64.3%)、分裂样(86/154,55.8%)问题。CBCL总分异常者中母亲养育因子中的拒绝否认[(13.1±5.2)分与(11.8±3.7)分]和惩罚严厉[(11.4±4.2)分与(10.5±3.1)分]得分高于CBCL总分正常者(t=-3.00、-2.38,均P<0.05)。父亲惩罚严厉(OR=1.11,95%CI 1.02~1.22)、过度保护(OR=3.41,95%CI 1.34~15.96)和母亲偏爱(OR=1.74,95%CI 1.08~3.11)可能分别是男孩体诉、不成熟和社交退缩行为问题的危险因素(均P<0.05);母亲偏爱(OR=1.31,95%CI 1.04~1.74)、拒绝否认(OR=1.23,95%CI 1.06~1.47)和温暖理解(OR=1.04,95%CI 1.01~1.08)可能分别是女孩体诉、残忍和不成熟行为问题的危险因素(均P<0.05)。CBCL总分异常者的总应激量、人际关系、学习压力、丧失和健康适应问题多于CBCL总分正常者,差异具有统计学意义(t=3.48、2.87、2.90、3.29、3.16,均P<0.05)。学习压力和丧失问题可能是情绪行为问题的危险因素(OR=1.10、1.21,均P<0.05)。结论不良的父母养育方式和负性生活事件可能对儿童情绪行为产生一定的影响。Objective To understand the influence of parenting style and life events on children and adolescents′emotional behavior problems.Methods The Achenbach′s Child Behavior Checklist(CBCL),Egma Minnen av Bardndosnauppforstran(EMBU),and Adolescent Self-Rating Life Events Check List(ASLEC)were used to investigate the children′s behavior problems,parenting style,and stressful life events among 420 children and adolescents(aged 6-16 years)in Beijing.Logistic regression analysis was conducted to examine the correlation among parenting style,stressful life events,and children′s behavior problems.Results Among the 420 participants,boys mainly reported problems of social problems(9/44,20.5%),schizoid disorders(7/44,15.9%)and obsessive-compulsive problems(51/124,41.1%);while girls mainly reported depression(63/98,64.3%)and schizoid disorders(86/154,55.8%).Compared to those with normal CBCL scores,mothers of participants with abnormal scores were more likely to have refusal deny(13.1±5.2 vs.11.8±3.7)and severe punishment(11.4±4.2 vs.10.5±3.1)(t=-3.00,-2.38 both P<0.05).Severe punishment(OR=1.1195%CI 1.02-1.22),overprotection by father(OR=3.41,95%CI 1.34-15.96),and mother preference(OR=1.74,95%CI 1.08-3.11)were the risk factors for boys′behavior problems,including somatic complaints,immaturity,and social withdrawal behaviors(all P<0.05),while mother preference(OR=1.31,95%CI 1.04-1.74),refusal deny(OR=1.23,95%CI 1.06-1.47)and emotional warmth(OR=1.04,95%CI 1.01-1.08)were the risk factors for girls′behavior problems,including somatic complaints,cruelty,and immaturity(all P<0.05).Participants with abnormal CBCL total score tended to report greater problems in total stress,interpersonal relationship,learning pressure,loss,and health adaptation than those with normal CBCL total score,and the difference was statistically significant(t=3.48,2.87,2.90,3.29,3.16,respectively,all P<0.05).Learning pressure and loss were risk factors of emotional behavior(OR=1.10,1.21,respectively,both P<0.05).Conclusion Negative parenting s

关 键 词：儿童 青少年 行为 情绪 父母养育方式 生活事件 

分 类 号：R179[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健]