高精度水声定位技术的发展现状及关键问题  

The Development Status and Several Key Issues of High Precision Underwater Acoustic Positioning Technology

作　　者：阳凡林[1,2] 辛明真 姜放 朱伟刚[3] YANG Fan-lin(College of Geodesy and Geomatics,Shandong University of Science and Technology,Qingdao Shandong 266590,China)

机构地区：[1]山东科技大学测绘与空间信息学院,山东青岛266590 [2]自然资源部海洋测绘重点实验室,山东青岛266590 [3]长春工程学院,长春130021

出　　处：《长春工程学院学报（自然科学版）》2021年第2期40-45,共6页Journal of Changchun Institute of Technology：Natural Sciences Edition

摘　　要：随着海洋开发活动的深入,海洋定位与导航的需求从水面以上转变为水上、水下的全部海洋空间。尽管全球导航卫星系统极大地推动了大地测量与导航定位领域的全新发展,但电磁波在水体中快速衰减的特性使其无法直接用于水下目标的定位与导航。声波在海水中具有良好的传播特性使得水声定位技术被广泛研究,不仅研发出了多种民用领域常用的水声定位系统,水声定位技术也成为构建海洋大地测量基准的核心技术之一。在分析总结水声定位技术方法和理论体系发展现状的基础上,对高精度水声定位技术发展的若干关键问题进行了探讨和展望。With the deepening of marine development activities, the requirements for marine positioning and navigation have changed from above the water surface to all marine space.Although the GNSS(Global Navigation Satellite System) has greatly promoted the new development in the field of geodetic surveying, the rapid attenuation of electromagnetic waves in seawater makes it impossible to directly use for underwater target positioning and navigation.Due to the good propagation characteristics of sound waves in seawater, underwater acoustic positioning technology has been widely studied.It has not only developed a variety of commonly used underwater acoustic positioning systems in civil fields, but also has become one of the core technologies for the construction of marine geodetic datum.On the basis of analyzing and summarizing the development status of underwater acoustic positioning technical method and theoretical system, several key issues of high precision underwater acoustic positioning technology are discussed and prospected.

关 键 词：水声定位 海洋大地测量基准 声线跟踪 收发分置 三维声速场 

分 类 号：P228[天文地球—大地测量学与测量工程]