水环境生态系统中环境DNA脱落、衰变和运输过程的研究进展  

Research Progress of Environmental DNA Shedding,Decay and Transport in Aquatic Ecosystem

作　　者：张娜 仇保丰 谢艳辉 李家侨 斯泽恩 ZHANG Na;QIU Baofeng;XIE Yanhui;LI Jiaqiao;SI Enze(Zhanjiang Customs Technology Center,Zhanjiang 524000,China;Nantong Customs,Nantong 226004,China)

机构地区：[1]湛江海关技术中心,广东湛江524000 [2]南通海关,江苏南通226004

出　　处：《海洋湖沼通报》2021年第3期129-135,166,共8页Transactions of Oceanology and Limnology

基　　金：海关总署科技项目(2019HK038);原广东出入境检验检疫局科技项目(2018GDK35)资助。

摘　　要：环境DNA(eDNA)通过从环境样品中采集DNA的存在性、位置、丰度等指标来进行样品中生物多样性和微生物的研究方法。近年来,环境DNA(eDNA)的研究得到了巨大的发展,目前已广泛应用于各个领域。虽然eDNA的研究越来越多,但围绕影响eDNA在环境中的发展变化规律的不确定性依然存在。由于eDNA研究使用生物DNA片段来作为研究的对象,因此需要考虑采集eDNA时的动态、复杂的生物环境的生态特性,以便使研究结果更加准确。本综述中,我们讨论了在不同的环境中,水样品DNA脱落的环境因素和水生态系统中eDNA衰变的主要影响因子,以及eDNA在不同水环境中运输的发展过程,以便对水环境中DNA脱落、衰变和运输整个过程的发展变化作出更准确的预测。最后,为更加优化eDNA研究应用价值,提出多项建议,以推进并支持eDNA发展持久性。Environmental DNA(eDNA)is a method to study biodiversity and microorganisms in environmental samples by means of collecting the existence,location and abundance of DNA from environmental samples.In recent years,the research of environmental DNA(eDNA)has been greatly developed,and it has been widely used in various fields.Although there are more and more researches on eDNA,there are still uncertainties about the development and change of eDNA in the environment.Since eDNA research uses biological DNA fragments as the object of research,it is necessary to consider the ecological characteristics of the dynamic and complex biological environment when collecting eDNA in order to make the research results more accurate.In this review,we discussed the environmental factors of DNA shedding in water samples and the main influencing factors of eDNA decay in water ecosystems in different environments,as well as the development process of eDNA transportation in different water environments in order to prevent DNA shedding,decay and make more accurate predictions of the development and changes of the entire transportation process.Finally,in order to optimize the application value of eDNA research,several suggestions are put forward to promote and support the sustainability of eDNA development.

关 键 词：环境DNA 水环境系统 脱落 衰变 运输 

分 类 号：X172[环境科学与工程—环境科学]