从监督到合作:华盛顿会议期间国民代表余日章与北京政府关系考述  

From Supervision to Cooperation:Research on the Relationship between David Z. T. Yui and the Beijing Central Government during the Washington Naval Conference

作　　者：蒙应来 Meng Yinglai

机构地区：[1]华中师范大学中国近代史研究所,武汉430079

出　　处：《中国国家博物馆馆刊》2021年第9期122-134,共13页Journal of National Museum of China

基　　金：国家哲学社会科学基金重大攻关项目“中国近现代博览会通史”(项目编号:13&ZD096);国家社会科学基金项目“抗战时期桑干河流域沦陷区民众生活研究”(项目编号:19BZS062)资助。

摘　　要：因北京中央政府权威衰微,所产生的"谁能代表中国"出席华盛顿会议资格之争,加剧了国家与社会之间的对立,无法实现统一对外的外交原则。中国社会为维护国权、监督北京政府,遂推选余日章为国民代表之一,介入国家权力的外交层面,参加华盛顿会议。余日章最初不愿担任名为荣誉、实为棘手难题的国民代表一职,终为谋求中国独立自主和基督教中国化,以国民与教民的双重身份投身其中。在华盛顿会议期间,余日章暂代国民代表领袖,与北京政府之间历经了由对立转向合作的过程,并推动山东问题的解决。事实上,在华盛顿会议期间,余日章虽然对政府的监督作用有限,但在国家建制层面,其由对立者向合作者转变,表明中国的国家与社会之间依然遵循着国家主导的传统,二者在对立中合作,合作中亦有对立,而余日章于其中扮演着连接国家与社会的纽带作用,这也表现出个人、社会与国家之间的复杂关系。Due to the weakness of the Beijing central government’s power, there was fierce dispute on the choice of Chinese representatives of the Washington Naval Conference, which intensified the confrontation between the state and the civil society. In order to supervise the Beijing government, the Chinese society elected David Z. T. Yui(1882-1936) as one of the representatives to participate in the Washington Naval Conference and act on behalf of the state diplomatic power. At first, Yui was unwilling to enjoy this honor and take the hot potato. He eventually accepted for the pursuit of China’s independence and sinicization of Christianity. During the conference, Yui served as the temporary leader of the national representatives. His stance towards the Beijing government shifted from opposition to cooperation and contributed to the settlement of the Shandong issue, which reflected that the state–society relation still followed the state-led tradition with the existence of both opposition and cooperation. Yui played a complicated role in maintaining the connection between the state and the society.

关 键 词：余日章 国民代表 华盛顿会议 国民外交 国家与社会 

分 类 号：D829.712[政治法律—政治学] K261[政治法律—外交学]