共同体消泯的见证——《狂热者伊莱》中的大屠杀记忆书写  

Bearing Witness to the Dissolving of the Community:A Study of the Holocaust Memory Writing in “Eli,the Fanatic”

作　　者：信慧敏[1] XIN Huimin

机构地区：[1]南京航空航天大学外国语学院

出　　处：《国外文学》2021年第3期122-131,160,共11页Foreign Literatures

基　　金：江苏省社会科学基金项目(项目编号:20WWB005);中央高校基本业务科研费专项基金(项目编号:ND2020010)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：有关纳粹大屠杀的记忆和书写直到20世纪50年代末才逐渐进入美国公众视野。菲利普·罗斯的短篇小说《狂热者伊莱》(1958)作为美国最早的大屠杀文学作品之一,呈现了二战后不久伍登屯社区里大屠杀记忆遗忘与铭记的冲突。本文探究伍登屯犹太人集体失忆背后的心理和社会机制,揭露战后美国犹太人的真实处境。伍登屯犹太人排挤犹太同胞的行为某种程度上重复着大屠杀发生的逻辑,体现了去犹太身份的同一性暴力。主人公伊莱的悖谬式疯癫喻示他对犹太身份和大屠杀记忆的重新接纳,也标志着以集体失忆为基础的共同体的解体。同时,罗斯通过戏谑严肃的记忆写作手法来再现缺场,化解了大屠杀小说的再现困境,承担起为大屠杀作见证的责任。It was not until the late 1950 s that the memories and writings on the long forgotten Holocaust gradually entered into the horizon of the American public. As one of the first American literary writings of the Holocaust,Philip Roth’s"Eli,the Fanatic"( 1958) explores the struggling between the forces of forgetting and memorizing the Holocaust memory in the community of Woodenton shortly after WII. This paper delves into the psychological and social mechanism of the collective amnesia of the Woodenton Jews,revealing their postwar living conditions. It argues that their action of expelling the displaced Jews is a repetition of the logic of Nazis’ sterilization and purification policies to some extent. The protagonist Eli’s paradoxical madness manifests his metaphorical re-acceptance of his Jewish identity and Holocaust memory. Moreover,it also symbolizes the dissolving of the community built upon the collective amnesia.

关 键 词：《狂热者伊莱》 大屠杀记忆 失忆 戏谑严肃 见证 

分 类 号：I712.074[文学—其他各国文学]