宫颈癌筛查的历史与争论研究  

The History and Debates of Cervical Cancer Screening

作　　者：唐文佩[1] 郑佶祺 TANG Wenpei;ZHENG Jiqi(School of Health Humanities,Peking University,Beijing 100191,China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学医学人文学院,北京100191

出　　处：《中国科技史杂志》2021年第3期335-344,共10页The Chinese Journal for the History of Science and Technology

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“当代重大传染病防治史研究及数据库建设”(项目编号:20&ZD224)。

摘　　要：宫颈癌筛查是人类首次就恶性肿瘤开展的大规模筛查,在当下施行的众多肿瘤筛查计划中扮演着模型示范作用。然而自巴氏涂片技术诞生之日起,围绕此筛查的争议就从未停止过。细胞学技术的高难度使得筛查的假阴性率居高不下,流行病学研究质疑筛查计划不证自明的有效性,HPV疫苗的出现更是极大降低了筛查的基本价值。尽管按照"有效筛查"原则,宫颈癌细胞学技术远非"适宜的试验或检查方法",但作为当今世界上最广泛开展的癌症筛查项目,考察其在不断争议中持续开展的历史,有助于理解新型诊断技术与疾病以及疾病与社会之间的相互塑造过程。Cervical cancer screening is the first large-scale screening for cancer and plays an exemplary role in current cancer screening programs.However,since the birth of Pap smears,the controversy surrounding cervical cancer screening has never stopped.The high difficulty of cytological technique has resulted in high false negative rates,some epidemiological studies have questioned the self-evident effectiveness of cervical cancer screening programs,and the emergence of HPV vaccine has greatly reduced the essential value of screening.According to the principle of"effective screening",cervical cytology technique is far from"appropriate test or examination",but as the most extensive cancer screening program in the world,its ongoing history in controversy deserves discussion,which can help us to understand the process of interaction between new diagnostic techniques,diseases and society.

关 键 词：宫颈癌 筛查 细胞学技术 巴氏涂片 HPV疫苗 

分 类 号：N09[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学] R73[医药卫生—肿瘤]