世界卫生组织第一次重大经济危机的全球史研究  

A Global History of the First Critical Crisis of the World Health Organization in 1980s

作　　者：苏静静[1] SU Jingjing(School of Health Humanities/Department of the History of Science,Technology and Medicine,Peking University,Beijing 100191,China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学医学人文学院/北京大学科学技术与医学史系,北京100191

出　　处：《中国科技史杂志》2021年第3期356-371,共16页The Chinese Journal for the History of Science and Technology

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“新中国参与全球健康治理的历史经验研究”(项目编号:18CZS042)。

摘　　要：在20世纪80年代末,世界卫生组织(WHO)因美国中止缴纳会费,而第一次陷入经费紧张、预算冻结的困境。WHO初级卫生保健战略在反对声中宣告失败,疲于应对艾滋病的全球流行,却被欧美国家指责行动不力,同时还要应对新兴全球卫生行为体的竞争,由此面临丧失全球健康治理领导者地位的窘境,前后两任WHO总干事均在重压之下黯然卸任。追溯这场全球健康治理的危机,探究其国际政治背景、历史脉络及后续影响,能够对理解全球健康治理格局的变迁,应对当下的全球健康治理各方势力的较量提供资鉴。In the late 1980s,the United States suspended its membership contribution payment to the World Health Organization(WHO)for the first time,which forced the WHO to fall into the predicament of tight funding and budget freeze.Trapped within the crisis of bitter turmoil and faced with criticism from European and American countries and the rival of emerging global health actors,coupled with its inability against the pandemic of HIV/AIDS,the WHO lost its leadership status in global health governance for a decade.This article attempts to trace the international political background,historical context,and subsequent impact of this period of history,especially the changes in the global health governance pattern,and to provide a reference for China’s response to the changing global health governance.

关 键 词：世界卫生组织 美国 全球健康治理 国际政治 

分 类 号：N09[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学] R-1[医药卫生]